[Core] [80% incumbents] Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering.
  DWAs: Clean surfaces in preparation for work activities. | Prepare surfaces for finishing.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.
  DWAs: Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores.
  DWAs: Prepare surfaces for finishing. | Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.
  DWAs: Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller.
  DWAs: Finish concrete surfaces.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Determine traffic areas and decide location of seams.
  DWAs: Collect data about project sites.

[Core] [80% incumbents] Remove excess cement to clean finished surface.
  DWAs: Remove excess materials from finished construction projects.

[Supplemental] [80% incumbents] Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch.
  DWAs: Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

[Core] [79% incumbents] Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.
  DWAs: Trim excess material from installations.

[Core] [79% incumbents] Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material.
  DWAs: Apply adhesives to construction materials.

[Core] [79% incumbents] Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets.
  DWAs: Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas.

[Core] [78% incumbents] Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs.
  DWAs: Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:3.93 lvl:4.43) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.88 lvl:3.46) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mathematics (imp:3.83 lvl:3.99) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Mechanical (imp:3.42 lvl:3.78) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Production and Processing (imp:3.33 lvl:3.34) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:3.11 lvl:3.47) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  English Language (imp:2.88 lvl:2.58) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Education and Training (imp:2.86 lvl:3.18) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.75 lvl:2.21) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Transportation (imp:2.54 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Administration and Management (imp:2.47 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.33 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Chemistry (imp:2.20 lvl:2.01) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Physics (imp:2.10 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.03 lvl:1.72) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Psychology (imp:1.96 lvl:2.37) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:1.87 lvl:1.01) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.74) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.70 lvl:0.93) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:1.61) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Foreign Language (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Biology (imp:1.21) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Food Production (imp:1.16) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Communications and Media (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:1.12) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  History and Archeology (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.06) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Geography (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Near Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.63) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Oral Expression (imp:3.13 lvl:3.13) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.13 lvl:2.63) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.13 lvl:3.13) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.13 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Static Strength (imp:3.13 lvl:3.13) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.63) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.50) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:3.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Speech Recognition (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Control Precision (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.75 lvl:2.63) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Originality (imp:2.63 lvl:2.13) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.63 lvl:2.63) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.63 lvl:2.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Written Expression (imp:2.50 lvl:2.13) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.50 lvl:2.13) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Stamina (imp:2.50 lvl:2.13) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Far Vision (imp:2.38 lvl:2.63) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.13) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.13 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.13 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.13 lvl:1.75) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.13 lvl:2.13) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:2.13 lvl:2.13) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.13 lvl:2.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Rate Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.63) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speed of Closure (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.63 lvl:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.63 lvl:1.25) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Memorization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.63) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.96 lvl:4.11) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:3.79 lvl:2.67) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.78 lvl:4.22) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.72 lvl:4.05) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Processing Information (imp:3.68 lvl:3.94) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.67 lvl:4.92) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.65 lvl:5.08) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.61 lvl:3.97) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.56 lvl:2.22) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.52 lvl:3.14) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.52 lvl:3.69) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.42 lvl:3.85) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.38 lvl:3.84) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.30 lvl:3.78) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.20 lvl:2.90) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.20 lvl:3.82) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.17 lvl:2.57) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.11 lvl:2.96) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.10 lvl:3.25) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.08 lvl:3.59) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.07 lvl:4.09) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.97 lvl:3.53) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:2.92 lvl:3.39) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.82 lvl:3.35) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.81 lvl:3.37) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.72 lvl:3.10) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.67 lvl:2.16) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.67 lvl:3.20) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.64 lvl:2.88) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.53 lvl:2.18) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.46 lvl:2.21) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.45 lvl:2.35) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.45 lvl:2.61) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.36 lvl:1.36) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.26 lvl:2.44) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.23 lvl:2.29) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.21 lvl:1.61) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.20 lvl:1.82) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.82) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Working with Computers (imp:1.81 lvl:1.27) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.43) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.11) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.07) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.86) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Integrity (imp:0.85) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.53) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.52) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Self-Control (imp:0.41) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Cooperation (imp:0.39) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.30) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Initiative (imp:0.01) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Optimism (imp:0.01) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.10) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Empathy (imp:-0.18) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.34) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.39) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.57) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Persuasion (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:1.75) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Systems Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Technology Design (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 23,640
  annual_median    : $56,460
  annual_pct10     : $37,600
  annual_pct25     : $45,660
  annual_pct75     : $73,840
  annual_pct90     : $96,700
  annual_mean      : $61,760
  hourly_median    : $27.15

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Alaska ($92,860)
  lowest_state     : Montana ($37,710)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.462x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (44 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   20,310  median: $  57,020
  Retail Trade                             emp:    2,090  median: $  54,570
  Manufacturing                            emp:      800  median: $  45,830
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       60  median: $  34,930
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  59,010

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   20,310  median: $  57,020
  Retail Trade                             emp:    2,090  median: $  54,570
  Manufacturing                            emp:      800  median: $  45,830
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       60  median: $  34,930
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  59,010

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:38:19.343609Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Tennis court (similarity: 0.1967)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_court
  QID: Q741118
  Extract: A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own character

  Title: Underfloor heating (similarity: 0.2687)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underfloor_heating
  QID: Q1431222
  Extract: Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling that achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using hydronic or electrical heating elements embedded in a floor. Heating is achieved by conduction, radiation and convection. Use of underfloor heating dates back to the

  Title: Everglades, Leura (similarity: 0.2727)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everglades%2C_Leura
  QID: Q5417133
  Extract: Everglades is a heritage-listed former residence, art gallery, cafe and garden, house museum and now tourist destination at 37 - 49 Everglades Avenue, Leura, City of Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. The garden was designed by Paul Sorensen and the design of the house is also attributed to

  Title: List of This Old House episodes (seasons 31–40) (similarity: 0.2708)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_This_Old_House_episodes_(seasons_31%E2%80%9340)
  QID: Q85778669
  Extract: This Old House is an American home improvement media brand with television shows, a magazine and a website, ThisOldHouse.com. The brand is headquartered in Stamford, CT. The television series airs on the American television station Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of

  Title: Canada's Worst Handyman 3 (similarity: 0.2703)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada's_Worst_Handyman_3
  QID: Q5029259
  Extract: Canada's Worst Handyman 3 was the third season of the Canadian reality TV show Canada's Worst Handyman, which aired on the Discovery Channel. As with previous years, five people, nominated by their family or friends, enter the Handyman Rehabilitation Centre to improve their handyman skills. This yea

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed work activities, skills, and industry employment patterns. BLS wage data provides robust market intelligence, though limited external validation sources reduce some contextual confidence.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:16:33.597266+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,641
tokens_output        : 4,232
cost_usd             : $0.045496
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match exists for this specialized construction trade occupation. The closest semantic matches relate to tennis courts and underfloor heating systems, which are tangentially related to flooring but do not provide relevant occupational context.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles install specialized floor coverings including vinyl, linoleum, rubber, cork, and other resilient materials in residential and commercial buildings. They prepare surfaces, measure and cut materials, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings using precise installation techniques. These skilled tradespeople ensure proper surface preparation and finishing to create durable, functional floor systems.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A floor layer begins by inspecting surfaces to ensure they are firm and dry, then sweeps, scrapes, and sands base surfaces to correct any imperfections. They measure and mark guidelines using chalk lines and dividers, then cut flooring materials according to blueprints to fit around obstructions and irregular surfaces. The work involves forming smooth foundations by stapling plywood or applying waterproof compounds, then rolling and pressing sheet materials into cement base using hand rollers. They determine optimal traffic areas and seam placement, and use blowtorches to heat and soften materials for patching or fitting around irregular surfaces. The day concludes with removing excess cement and cleaning finished surfaces to ensure quality completion.

WHO THRIVES:
This role attracts realistic individuals who enjoy hands-on work with tangible results and prefer structured, systematic approaches to problem-solving. Successful floor layers possess strong attention to detail and dependability, as installation precision directly impacts floor performance and appearance. They need excellent physical capabilities including extent flexibility and arm-hand steadiness for extended periods of kneeling, cutting, and positioning materials. Those who thrive demonstrate strong customer service orientation when working directly with property owners and can effectively communicate with supervisors and team members throughout installation projects.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most floor layers enter with a high school diploma or equivalent (89.5% of workers), though some start with less formal education. Entry typically occurs through on-the-job training, apprenticeships, or short-term post-secondary certificate programs in construction trades. New workers often begin as helpers or assistants, learning surface preparation, material handling, and basic installation techniques under experienced supervision before advancing to independent installation work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced floor layers can advance to supervisory roles, become specialized installers for complex commercial projects, or start their own floor covering contracting businesses. The strong foundation in building and construction knowledge, combined with customer service experience, provides pathways into related trades like tile setting, carpet installation, or general contracting. Some transition into sales roles with flooring suppliers or manufacturers, leveraging their technical expertise and industry relationships.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Floor layers earn a median annual wage of $56,460 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with entry-level workers earning around $37,600 and experienced professionals reaching $96,700. Employment totals 23,640 workers nationally, with significant geographic wage variation from $37,710 in Montana to $92,860 in Alaska, reflecting regional construction activity and cost of living differences. The construction industry employs 85.9% of floor layers (20,310 workers), followed by retail trade with 2,090 workers. Demand correlates strongly with new construction and renovation activity, particularly in commercial and residential sectors requiring specialized resilient flooring solutions.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Floor laying shows moderate resistance to automation due to the complex physical manipulation, surface preparation, and custom fitting required around obstacles and irregular spaces. While material cutting tools may become more automated, the core activities of surface inspection, foundation preparation, and precise installation around obstructions require human dexterity and problem-solving capabilities that current automation cannot replicate effectively.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Tile and Stone Setters (47-2044.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require identical surface preparation, measurement, cutting, and installation techniques with high Building and Construction knowledge (4.4 level).
    data: Building and Construction knowledge level 4.4
    data: Surface preparation tasks
    data: Measuring and marking guidelines
  [task_similarity] Carpet Installers (47-2041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations involve cutting floor covering materials, measuring surfaces, and installing materials around obstructions with similar physical demands.
    data: Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions
    data: Measure and mark guidelines
    data: Physical activities level 4.9
  [career_pathway] Floor Sanders and Finishers (47-2043.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Sequential workflow relationship where floor sanders prepare surfaces that floor layers then cover, sharing surface preparation knowledge and construction industry employment.
    data: Surface preparation tasks
    data: Construction industry employment
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
  [riasec_cluster] Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall (47-2131.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations demonstrate strong Realistic orientation (R:7.00) involving hands-on construction work with similar physical demands and construction industry focus.
    data: RIASEC R:7.00
    data: Construction trades vertical
    data: Physical work activities
  [knowledge_overlap] Terrazzo Workers and Finishers (47-2053.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared expertise in Building and Construction, surface preparation, and finishing techniques with similar mathematical precision requirements.
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
    data: Mathematics knowledge level 4.0
    data: Surface finishing tasks

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['floor layer', 'vinyl installer', 'linoleum installer', 'resilient flooring', 'composition flooring', 'rubber flooring', 'cork flooring', 'epoxy flooring']
  exclude_keywords : ['carpet installer', 'wood flooring', 'hardwood', 'tile setter', 'ceramic']
  title_patterns   : ['Floor Layer', 'Composition Floor', 'Floor Cover', 'Resilient Floor', 'Sheet Vinyl']
  common_variations: ['floor covering installer', 'composition floor layer', 'resilient floor installer', 'vinyl floor installer', 'rubber floor installer', 'cork floor installer', 'epoxy installer', 'floor technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'materials', 'equipment', 'floor', 'surfaces', 'principles', 'control', 'objects', 'material', 'includes', 'techniques', 'construction', 'ideas', 'activities', 'surface', 'hand', 'body', 'orientation', 'problems']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01485  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  26  0.00919  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  dwas:27%  inference:23%
equipment                  23  0.00813  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
floor                      19  0.00672  inference            inference:63%  onet_tasks:32%  wikipedia:5%
surfaces                   16  0.00566  dwas                 dwas:38%  inference:38%  onet_tasks:19%
principles                 16  0.00566  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    13  0.00460  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    13  0.00460  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  dwas:8%
material                   12  0.00424  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%
includes                   12  0.00424  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
techniques                 12  0.00424  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  inference:17%
construction               11  0.00389  inference            inference:55%  dwas:27%  onet_dimensions:18%
ideas                      11  0.00389  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00389  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:9%  inference:9%
surface                    10  0.00353  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  inference:40%  wikipedia:20%
hand                       10  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
body                       10  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                10  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
problems                    9  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problem                     9  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
production                  9  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
resources                   9  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
installation                9  0.00318  inference            inference:78%  onet_dimensions:11%  dwas:11%
covering                    8  0.00283  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:88%  inference:12%
effectively                 8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  inference:25%
monitoring                  8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performance                 8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
needs                       8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                   8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
design                      8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:25%
human                       8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
physical                    8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  inference:25%
events                      8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  8  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%