[Core] [62% incumbents] Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.
  DWAs: Operate pumps or compressors.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.
  DWAs: Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.
  DWAs: Clean work sites.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.
  DWAs: Install green structural components, equipment or systems.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.
  DWAs: Finish concrete surfaces.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures. | Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.
  DWAs: Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.
  DWAs: Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.
  DWAs: Clean surfaces in preparation for work activities. | Apply paint to surfaces.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.
  DWAs: Position construction forms or molds.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities.

[Supplemental] [62% incumbents] Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.
  DWAs: Operate pumps or compressors.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.
  DWAs: Clean equipment or facilities. | Maintain construction tools or equipment.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.
  DWAs: Signal equipment operators to indicate proper equipment positioning.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.
  DWAs: Measure work site dimensions. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches. | Compact materials to create level bases.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.
  DWAs: Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. | Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.
  DWAs: Position structural components. | Install plumbing or piping.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.
  DWAs: Test air quality at work sites.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.
  DWAs: Clean surfaces in preparation for work activities. | Apply paint to surfaces. | Apply sealants or other protective coatings.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.
  DWAs: Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.
  DWAs: Protect structures or surfaces near work areas to avoid damage. | Install masonry materials.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities. | Pour materials into or on designated areas. | Spread concrete or other aggregate mixtures.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.
  DWAs: Break up rock, asphalt, or concrete.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.
  DWAs: Apply sealants or other protective coatings.

[Supplemental] [60% incumbents] Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.
  DWAs: Direct vehicle traffic.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:3.98 lvl:4.74) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.17 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Mechanical (imp:3.03 lvl:3.47) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.79 lvl:2.57) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:2.36 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administration and Management (imp:2.28 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Design (imp:2.23 lvl:1.99) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:2.20 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  English Language (imp:2.09 lvl:2.01) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.08 lvl:1.80) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Production and Processing (imp:1.93 lvl:1.80) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:1.84 lvl:1.62) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.73 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Administrative (imp:1.64) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Physics (imp:1.58 lvl:1.02) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Communications and Media (imp:1.57 lvl:1.28) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.51 lvl:0.92) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Psychology (imp:1.51 lvl:0.79) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.50 lvl:0.83) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.49 lvl:0.87) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Chemistry (imp:1.48 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Geography (imp:1.48 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.44 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.43 lvl:0.80) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Foreign Language (imp:1.43 lvl:0.73) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  History and Archeology (imp:1.43 lvl:0.66) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Law and Government (imp:1.43 lvl:0.78) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:1.43 lvl:0.77) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.42) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Biology (imp:1.39 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Fine Arts (imp:1.38) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.35) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Food Production (imp:1.24) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Static Strength (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.62 lvl:3.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.50 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Control Precision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Near Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Dynamic Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Rate Control (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Depth Perception (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Response Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.50 lvl:3.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Written Expression (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Originality (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Number Facility (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.76 lvl:3.71) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Getting Information (imp:4.38 lvl:3.09) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.38 lvl:3.97) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:4.36 lvl:4.88) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.19 lvl:3.55) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.15 lvl:4.27) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.14 lvl:3.30) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.06 lvl:4.90) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.06 lvl:3.79) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.98 lvl:4.32) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.94 lvl:4.43) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.93 lvl:3.54) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.88 lvl:3.61) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.82 lvl:3.22) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.82 lvl:3.17) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.73 lvl:3.57) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.73 lvl:4.06) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.71 lvl:4.81) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.24) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.63 lvl:3.06) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.54 lvl:3.63) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.54 lvl:3.52) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.51 lvl:3.34) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.46 lvl:3.01) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.44 lvl:3.68) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.40 lvl:2.83) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.39 lvl:2.47) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.38 lvl:3.05) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.36 lvl:3.50) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Processing Information (imp:3.27 lvl:3.06) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.06 lvl:3.48) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.01 lvl:3.15) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.91 lvl:2.48) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.91 lvl:3.34) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.86 lvl:2.60) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.83 lvl:2.88) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.82 lvl:3.06) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.66 lvl:2.73) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.61 lvl:2.63) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.46 lvl:2.58) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Working with Computers (imp:2.25 lvl:2.46) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.19) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.46) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.25) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.20) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Dependability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.85) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.82) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:0.71) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:0.59) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.58) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:0.47) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Humility (imp:0.34) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.21) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.13) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:-0.03) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation (imp:-0.10) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.10) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.22) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.23) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Operation and Control (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Time Management (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Instructing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Persuasion (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Installation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Systems Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 1,096,780
  annual_median    : $47,120
  annual_pct10     : $35,090
  annual_pct25     : $38,620
  annual_pct75     : $59,740
  annual_pct90     : $78,090
  annual_mean      : $52,030
  hourly_median    : $22.66

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Hawaii ($77,110)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($24,270)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.177x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  929,760  median: $  47,430
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   71,860  median: $  39,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   30,870  median: $  47,610
  Manufacturing                            emp:   16,430  median: $  44,930
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:    9,710  median: $  42,310
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    8,500  median: $  48,320
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    6,960  median: $  49,830
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,200  median: $  46,600
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,850  median: $  29,980
  Utilities                                emp:    2,720  median: $  54,950

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (18 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  929,760  median: $  47,430
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   71,860  median: $  39,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   30,870  median: $  47,610
  Manufacturing                            emp:   16,430  median: $  44,930
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:    9,710  median: $  42,310
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    8,500  median: $  48,320
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    6,960  median: $  49,830
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,200  median: $  46,600
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,850  median: $  29,980
  Utilities                                emp:    2,720  median: $  54,950

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Construction worker
match_score        : 0.8500
wikidata_qid       : Q811122
word_count         : 785
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_worker
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:39:24.784406Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A construction worker is a person employed in the physical construction of the built environment and its infrastructure. The term is used to cover a wide range of roles and tasks during all phases of a construction project, though typically refers to those involved in the physical labor of construction.  


== Definitions ==
By some definitions, construction workers may be engaged in manual labour as unskilled or semi-skilled workers. These workers typically start with basic tasks such as digging, cleaning, and unloading equipment. As they gain experience, they begin to specialize in areas like roofing, concrete work, electric work, pipefitting, structural work, or carpentry. Over time, some pursue certifications and formal training to earn qualifications and advance in their careers. In other words, they may be skilled tradespeople, or they may be supervisory or managerial personnel.
United Kingdom safety legislation has defined construction workers as people "who work for or under the control of a contractor on a construction site." In Canada, this can include people whose work includes ensuring conformance with building codes and regulations and those who supervise other workers.


=== Demographics ===
Most construction workers are primarily described by the specific level and type of work they perform. Laborers comprise a large grouping in most national construction industries. In the United States, for example, in May 2023, construction sector businesses employed just over 7.9 million people, of whom 859,000 were laborers, while 3.7 million were construction trades workers (including 603,000 carpenters, 559,000 electricians, 385,000 plumbers, and 321,000 equipment operators). Like most business sectors, there is also substantial white-collar employment in construction - out of 7.9 million US construction business workers, 681,000 were recorded by the United States Department of Labor in May 2023 as in 'office and administrative support occupations', 620,000 in 'management occupations' and 480,000 in 'business and financial operations occupations'.

In 2023, the United States reported that, of the total number of construction workers, 27.7% of workers were Hispanic and around 6.2% were women. In some economies, there is also substantial self-employment; in the United Kingdom for example, 1.4 million out of 2.25 million construction workers were classified as self-employed in 2023. In the US in 2015, unincorporated self-employment rates were highest for workers in construction and extraction occupations (14.8 percent).
Construction workers can colloquially be referred to as "hard hat workers" or "hard hats", as they often wear hard hats for safety while working on construction sites to protect against injury from falling objects. 


== Safety ==

The construction industry is a high-hazard sector, encompassing alteration and repair. Workers are exposed to various serious hazards, such as falling debris, unguarded machinery, heavy equipment, electrocutions, silica dust, and asbestos. Thus, construction safety is intended to ensure a safe environment for workers, who are required to be educated on safety at each site. Construction workers must remain vigilant by keeping work areas clear, learning safe lifting techniques, being aware of seasonal hazards, and regularly inspecting all equipment, among other preventive measures.
All companies in the United States require workers to have an OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) certification to ensure safety on the worksite. In many cases, OSHA inspectors visit worksites to ensure that all safety protocols are in place to protect workers. Employers are also required by law to have an OSHA job safety poster.
Publications have been issued by authorities to train construction workers on safe working, e.g., when using power tools. In some places such as Hong Kong it is an offence if the use of power tools (such as drills) produces excessive dust or noise and causes pollution.
In India, the Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996 regulates the employment and conditions of service of building and other construction workers and provides for safety, health and welfare measures.


== Migrant construction workers ==

Migrant workers tend to decrease the pay for construction workers.
In 2008, a Human Rights Watch report described unsafe and unfair working conditions in China and a failure on the part of the government to enforce labor standards in the construction industry. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that, at the end of 2006, 90% of the 40 million construction workers in China were migrant workers. Many turned to work after their farming communities collapsed into poverty. In the United States, foreign workers are prevalent in some parts of the industry. Due to impunity some employers commit crimes such as wage theft and violation of workplace standards. Similar abuse occurred in Qatar during preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup where workers, mostly from poor countries in the Indian subcontinent, worked in desert conditions for as little as €6.20 a day.


== See also ==


== References ==


== External links ==

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Laborer (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborer
  QID: Q12713481
  Extract: A laborer is a person who works in manual labor typed within the construction industry. There is a generic factory laborer which is defined separately as a factory worker. Laborers are in a working class of wage-earners in which their only possession of significant material value is their labor. Ind

  Title: Laborers' International Union of North America (similarity: 0.2388)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborers'_International_Union_of_North_America
  QID: Q6467331
  Extract: The Laborers' International Union of North America, often shortened to just the Laborers' Union, is an American and Canadian labor union formed in 1903. As of 2017, they had about 500,000 members, about 80,000 of whom are in Canada. The current general president is Brent Booker who was appointed gen

  Title: Battle of Tarawa (similarity: 0.2162)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa
  QID: Q250309
  Extract: The Battle of Tarawa was fought on 20–23 November 1943 between the United States and Japan on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, now part of the Republic of Kiribati but then a Japanese-occupied British colony, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts. Nearly 6,400 Jap

  Title: Day labor (similarity: 0.4000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_labor
  QID: Q897359
  Extract: Day labor is work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time, with no promise that more work will be available in the future, and outside the protection of labor and civil rights laws. It is a form of contingent work.

  Title: Road (similarity: 0.1600)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road
  QID: Q34442
  Extract: A road is a thoroughfare from one place to another, primarily used for movement of traffic. Many roads are paved.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data coverage with detailed work activities, comprehensive wage data, and clear career pathways. Wikipedia match provides additional validation of role definition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:21:09.049840+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,874
tokens_output        : 4,222
cost_usd             : $0.045185
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Construction worker
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms Construction workers are employed in physical construction of built environments and infrastructure. The term covers roles involved in physical labor of construction, aligning with the O*NET occupation definition.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Construction Laborers perform essential physical work at construction sites, operating hand and power tools like air hammers, cement mixers, and surveying equipment. They clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, install pipes, finish concrete surfaces, and assist skilled craft workers like carpenters and masons. With over 1 million employed nationwide, they form the backbone of the construction industry's workforce.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Construction Laborers start by reading blueprints and specifications to understand daily work requirements, then clean and prepare construction sites to eliminate safety hazards. They operate various equipment including pumps, compressors, and generators to power tools and machinery for heating or moving materials. Much of their day involves hands-on work like smoothing freshly poured concrete with floats and trowels, installing sewer and water pipes using pipe-laying machinery, and erecting or dismantling scaffolding and temporary structures. They frequently assist skilled tradespeople and may spend time painting surfaces or applying protective compounds to various materials.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as Construction Laborers possess strong physical capabilities, particularly manual dexterity, static strength, and multilimb coordination to handle demanding physical tasks. They demonstrate high dependability and perseverance, essential qualities for completing challenging projects in varying weather conditions. Successful laborers have good oral communication skills for following instructions and working effectively with diverse construction teams. Those with realistic personality traits who enjoy hands-on problem solving and working with tools and machinery tend to find this role fulfilling.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most Construction Laborers enter with a high school diploma (34.9%) or less than high school education (32.5%), though 28% have post-secondary certificates in construction trades or related fields. Many learn through on-the-job training and apprenticeships, developing building and construction knowledge along with mechanical skills. Entry-level positions often start with basic site preparation and tool operation, with workers gradually taking on more complex tasks as they gain experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Construction Laborers often advance to specialized roles like cement masons, pipelayers, or equipment operators after gaining experience and additional training. Many transition into skilled trades such as carpentry, bricklaying, or become construction equipment operators. With further education and experience, some progress to supervisory positions or start their own contracting businesses.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, Construction Laborers earn a median annual wage of $47,120, with entry-level positions at $35,090 and experienced workers reaching $78,090. The field employs 1,096,780 workers nationwide, primarily in construction (929,760), administrative services (71,860), and government (30,870). Geographic wage variation is significant, with Hawaii offering the highest wages at $77,110 versus Puerto Rico at $24,270, representing a 3.18x ratio. Strong demand continues due to ongoing infrastructure projects and construction activity.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Construction Laborer roles have moderate automation risk as tasks like site preparation, material handling, and tool operation remain largely manual. While some equipment becomes more automated, the physical nature of construction work and need for human judgment in varied site conditions provides protection from full automation.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers (47-2051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve smoothing and finishing concrete using floats, trowels, and powered finishing tools as core job activities.
    data: Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools
  [task_similarity] Pipelayers (47-2151.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Construction Laborers install sewer, water, and storm drain pipes using pipe-laying machinery, directly overlapping with Pipelayer responsibilities.
    data: Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment
  [career_pathway] Carpenters (47-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Construction Laborers frequently assist carpenters and can advance into carpentry roles with additional training and experience.
    data: Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons
  [career_pathway] Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators (47-2073.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Experience controlling machines and processes as Construction Laborers provides foundation for advancement to equipment operator roles.
    data: Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:4.4, lvl:4.9)
  [skill_overlap] Brickmasons and Blockmasons (47-2021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles share building and construction knowledge, manual dexterity requirements, and experience assisting or working with masonry professionals.
    data: Building and Construction (imp:4.0, lvl:4.7)
    data: Manual Dexterity (imp:3.9, lvl:3.8)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['construction laborer', 'construction worker', 'building laborer', 'site laborer', 'general laborer', 'construction assistant', 'construction helper', 'construction hand']
  exclude_keywords : ['foreman', 'supervisor', 'manager', 'skilled trades', 'engineer']
  title_patterns   : ['construction laborer', 'laborer - construction', 'general construction laborer', 'construction worker', 'building laborer']
  common_variations: ['construction laborer', 'construction worker', 'general laborer', 'building laborer', 'site worker', 'construction hand', 'construction helper', 'construction assistant']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['construction', 'equipment', 'tendency', 'others', 'materials', 'tools', 'laborers', 'principles', 'activities', 'control', 'concrete', 'physical', 'surfaces', 'includes', 'objects', 'safety', 'structures', 'techniques', 'ideas', 'clean']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
construction               62  0.01924  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:32%  dwas:10%
equipment                  45  0.01396  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:51%  dwas:16%  onet_tasks:11%
tendency                   42  0.01303  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01179  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  26  0.00807  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  dwas:31%  onet_tasks:23%
tools                      21  0.00652  wikipedia            wikipedia:29%  onet_tasks:24%  onet_dimensions:24%
laborers                   17  0.00528  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  inference:41%
principles                 16  0.00496  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 15  0.00465  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:13%
control                    15  0.00465  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:13%  wikipedia:7%
concrete                   14  0.00434  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:57%  dwas:21%  inference:14%
physical                   14  0.00434  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  inference:43%  wikipedia:14%
surfaces                   13  0.00403  dwas                 dwas:54%  onet_tasks:31%  inference:15%
includes                   13  0.00403  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    13  0.00403  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
safety                     12  0.00372  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_dimensions:8%  inference:8%
structures                 11  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:18%
techniques                 11  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
clean                      10  0.00310  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  dwas:40%  inference:20%
hand                       10  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  onet_tasks:10%  wikipedia:10%
standards                  10  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
needed                     10  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:30%
body                       10  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
working                    10  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  wikipedia:40%  inference:20%
machinery                   9  0.00279  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:56%  inference:33%  wikipedia:11%
management                  9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:11%  wikipedia:11%
procedures                  9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
identifying                 9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
machines                    9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:22%
building                    9  0.00279  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:11%
monitoring                  9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
problems                    9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                       9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
resources                   9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
self                        9  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
operate                     8  0.00248  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:25%