[Core] [78% incumbents] Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.
  DWAs: Verify alignment of structures or equipment.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.
  DWAs: Install metal structural components. | Install wooden structural components.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.
  DWAs: Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.
  DWAs: Install doors or windows.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.
  DWAs: Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. | Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.
  DWAs: Install building fixtures.

[Core] [77% incumbents] Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.
  DWAs: Install building fixtures.

[Supplemental] [77% incumbents] Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials.

[Supplemental] [77% incumbents] Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.
  DWAs: Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.
  DWAs: Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.
  DWAs: Install metal structural components. | Fabricate parts or components.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.
  DWAs: Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. | Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.
  DWAs: Trim excess material from installations. | Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures. | Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.
  DWAs: Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas. | Cut glass.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.
  DWAs: Install doors or windows. | Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.
  DWAs: Cut glass.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.
  DWAs: Communicate with clients about products, procedures, and policies.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.
  DWAs: Apply adhesives to construction materials.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.
  DWAs: Cut glass.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
  DWAs: Install doors or windows. | Cut metal components for installation. | Cut wood components for installation.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.
  DWAs: Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.
  DWAs: Cut glass.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.
  DWAs: Protect structures or surfaces near work areas to avoid damage.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.
  DWAs: Select construction materials.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Monitoring (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.25) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.30 lvl:5.12) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mechanical (imp:3.50 lvl:3.66) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Mathematics (imp:3.47 lvl:3.26) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administration and Management (imp:3.46 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Design (imp:3.39 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.35 lvl:3.49) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.75 lvl:2.98) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Production and Processing (imp:2.60 lvl:2.47) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  English Language (imp:2.60 lvl:2.26) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.59 lvl:2.37) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:2.55 lvl:2.42) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.52) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:2.06 lvl:1.79) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Physics (imp:1.93 lvl:1.54) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Transportation (imp:1.93 lvl:1.51) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Chemistry (imp:1.87 lvl:1.83) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Psychology (imp:1.79 lvl:1.58) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:1.74 lvl:1.18) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Foreign Language (imp:1.68 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.57 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.57 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.54) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.40 lvl:0.57) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Telecommunications (imp:1.27 lvl:0.44) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.26) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Geography (imp:1.21 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Communications and Media (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.16 lvl:0.29) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Food Production (imp:1.14) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Biology (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  History and Archeology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 

--- ABILITIES ---
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.88 lvl:3.25) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Control Precision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Static Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Oral Expression (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Depth Perception (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Stamina (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Written Expression (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Originality (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Rate Control (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.35 lvl:3.96) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Getting Information (imp:4.28 lvl:2.98) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.17 lvl:5.82) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.06 lvl:3.52) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.02 lvl:4.82) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.95 lvl:4.28) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.69 lvl:3.52) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.69 lvl:4.21) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.64 lvl:3.66) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.58 lvl:3.27) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.53 lvl:3.82) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.47 lvl:3.91) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.43 lvl:3.46) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.41 lvl:3.32) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.40 lvl:4.08) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.34 lvl:3.98) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Processing Information (imp:3.31 lvl:3.77) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.31 lvl:3.49) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.26 lvl:3.46) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.26 lvl:3.52) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.23 lvl:3.63) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.18 lvl:3.43) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.16 lvl:3.06) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.13 lvl:3.27) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.08 lvl:3.38) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.06 lvl:3.16) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.03 lvl:2.77) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.97 lvl:3.02) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.95 lvl:2.82) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.90 lvl:2.46) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.89 lvl:2.69) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.84 lvl:3.01) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.82 lvl:2.61) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.78 lvl:2.36) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.71 lvl:2.39) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.32 lvl:1.94) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.20 lvl:1.91) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.16 lvl:1.92) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.14 lvl:2.03) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Working with Computers (imp:2.01 lvl:1.63) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.99 lvl:1.89) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.25) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.96) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.27) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.07) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.01) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.97) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Self-Control (imp:0.95) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Integrity (imp:0.91) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.81) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:0.71) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.21) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.18) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.09) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.07) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Initiative (imp:0.06) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Humility (imp:-0.08) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.10) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:-0.18) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.22) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.40) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Service Orientation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Installation (imp:2.25 lvl:1.38) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Negotiation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 58,480
  annual_median    : $57,080
  annual_pct10     : $37,300
  annual_pct25     : $46,320
  annual_pct75     : $66,610
  annual_pct90     : $89,790
  annual_mean      : $59,720
  hourly_median    : $27.44

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Massachusetts ($100,810)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($22,220)
  dispersion_ratio : 4.537x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   46,870  median: $  58,020
  Retail Trade                             emp:    7,050  median: $  52,360
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,680  median: $  47,360
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,500  median: $  49,320
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      730  median: $  63,880
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      300  median: $  46,050
  Educational Services                     emp:      150  median: $  76,270
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:       60  median: $  95,110

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   46,870  median: $  58,020
  Retail Trade                             emp:    7,050  median: $  52,360
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,680  median: $  47,360
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,500  median: $  49,320
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      730  median: $  63,880
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      300  median: $  46,050
  Educational Services                     emp:      150  median: $  76,270
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:       60  median: $  95,110

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Glazier
match_score        : 0.9333
wikidata_qid       : Q664283
word_count         : 913
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazier
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:41:06.334950Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A glazier is a tradesperson responsible for cutting, installing, and removing glass (and materials used as substitutes for glass, such as some plastics). They also refer to blueprints to figure out the size, shape, and location of the glass in the building. They may have to consider the type and size of scaffolding they need to stand on to fit and install the glass. Glaziers may work with glass in various surfaces and settings, such as cutting and installing windows, doors, shower doors, skylights, storefronts, display cases, mirrors, facades, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.


== Duties and tools ==

The Occupational Outlook Handbook of the U.S. Department of Labor lists the following as typical tasks for a glazier:

Follow blueprints or specifications
Remove any old or broken glass before installing replacement glass
Cut glass to the specified size and shape
Make or install sashes or moldings for glass installation
Fasten glass into sashes or frames with clips, moldings, or other types of fasteners
Add weather seal or putty around pane edges to seal joints.

The National Occupational Analysis recognized by the Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship separates the trade into 5 blocks of skills, each with a list of skills, and a list of tasks and subtasks a journeyman is expected to be able to accomplish:

Block A – Occupational Skills

Block B – Commercial Window and Door Systems

Block C – Residential Window and Door Systems

Block D – Specialty Glass and Products

Block E – Servicing

Tools used by glaziers "include cutting boards, glass-cutting blades, straightedges, glazing knives, saws, drills, grinders, putty, scrapers, sandpaper, sanding blocks, 5 in 1's respirator/dust mask and glazing compounds."
Some glaziers work specifically with glass in motor vehicles; other work specifically with the safety glass used in aircraft. Others repair old antique windows and doors that need glass replaced.


== Education and training ==
Glaziers are typically educated at the high school diploma or equivalent level and learn the skills of the trade through an apprenticeship program, which in the U.S. is typically four years.
In the U.S., apprenticeship programs are offered through the National Glass Association as well as trade associations and local contractors' associations. A large portion of glaziers in the United States are members of the IUPAT, the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades which offers its own apprenticeship program which consists of 8000 hours of on the job training and 4 years of classroom education. Because of this, IUPAT Glaziers tend to be well rounded in all aspects of the trade, and therefore carry a higher production rate, face fewer health & safety risks and command a higher pay rate.
In Canada, glaziers usually go through a formal apprenticeship which includes about four years of on-the-job experience combined with classroom study in order to get certified. Unions and many employers offer these apprenticeships. To become an apprentice, one must be at least 18 years old and have graduated from high school. Once a person is certified, they will be eligible to apply for the Red Seal  allowing the person to work anywhere in Canada without re-certifying.
In Ontario, Canada, apprenticeships are offered at the provincial level and certified through the Ontario College of Trades.


== Occupational hazards ==
Occupational hazards encountered by glaziers include the risks of being cut by glass or tools and falling from scaffolds or ladders or lead exposure from old lead paint on  antique windows. The use of heavy equipment may also cause injury: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reported in 1990 that a journeyman glazier died in an industrial accident in Indiana after attempting to use a manlift to carry a thousand-pound case of glass which the manlift did not have capacity to carry.


== In the United States ==
According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, there are some 45,300 glaziers in the United States, with median pay of $38,410 per year in 2014. Two-thirds of glaziers work in the foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors industry, with smaller numbers working in building material and supplies dealing, building finishing contracting, automotive repair and maintenance, and glass and glass product manufacturing.
Among the 50 states, only Connecticut and Florida require glaziers to hold a license.


== In Australia ==
In Australia, glaziers provide a broad spectrum of services for both residential and commercial properties. These tasks include emergency glass replacement, window repairs, and the custom installation of shower screens, mirrors, and glass splashbacks. To ensure safety, quality, and structural integrity, glaziers operating in Australia must adhere to strict national building codes, primarily the Australian Standard AS1288 (Glass in buildings – Selection and installation). Homeowners and property managers commonly utilize specialized local trade networks and directories to locate certified and compliant glazing professionals for these projects.
While formal qualifications are not strictly mandated by law to work as a glazier across all states, it is the industry standard for apprentices to complete a Certificate III in Glass and Glazing as part of their vocational training. Most apprentices choose to complete the Certificate III in Glass and Glazing (MSF30418) part-time over three years. Alternatively, the course can be undertaken through full-time study for one year. The Certificate II in Glass and Glazing (MSF20413) is also available for individuals requiring foundational knowledge or supplementary study. 


== See also ==
Architectural glass
Glazing in architecture
Insulated glazing
Stained glass
Glass manufacturing
Glassblowing


== Notes ==


== External links ==
 Media related to Glaziers at Wikimedia Commons

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Crystal Palace Glaziers (similarity: 0.5161)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Glaziers
  QID: Q5191307
  Extract: Crystal Palace Glaziers were a British speedway team that existed from 1928 to 1939.

  Title: Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass (similarity: 0.2667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Glaziers_and_Painters_of_Glass
  QID: Q8037043
  Extract: The Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass is one of the livery companies of the City of London. The Guild of Glaziers, or makers of Glass, the company's forerunner, existed as early as the fourteenth century. It received a royal charter of incorporation in 1638. It is no longer a trad

  Title: Auto mechanic (similarity: 0.1905)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_mechanic
  QID: Q706835
  Extract: An auto mechanic is a mechanic who services and repairs automobiles, sometimes specializing in one or more automobile brands or sometimes working with any brand. In fixing cars, their main role is to diagnose and repair the problem accurately. Seasoned auto repair shops start with a (Digital) Inspec

  Title: Saab Automobile (similarity: 0.1739)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile
  QID: Q48957
  Extract: Saab Automobile AB was a car manufacturer that was founded in Sweden in 1945 when its parent company, Saab AB, began a project to design a small automobile. The first production model, the Saab 92, was launched in 1949. In 1968, the parent company merged with Scania-Vabis, and ten years later the Sa

  Title: Pillar (car) (similarity: 0.3000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillar_(car)
  QID: Q1930094
  Extract: The pillars on a car with permanent roof body style are the vertical or nearly vertical supports of its window area or greenhouse—designated respectively as the A, B, C and D-pillar, moving from front to rear, in profile view.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by detailed O*NET data, exact Wikipedia match, clear wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and well-defined occupation boundaries within construction trades.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:27:55.003789+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,799
tokens_output        : 4,403
cost_usd             : $0.048560
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Glazier
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms glaziers as tradespeople responsible for cutting, installing, and removing glass while working with blueprints to determine specifications. The definition aligns closely with the O*NET occupation description and core work activities.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Glaziers are skilled tradespeople who cut, install, and remove glass in windows, skylights, storefronts, and display cases across residential, commercial, and industrial settings. They work with blueprints to determine specifications for glass installation and use specialized tools and equipment including cranes and suction cups to handle large glass pieces. The role combines technical precision with physical demands, requiring steady hands, near vision acuity, and the ability to work at heights while ensuring structural integrity and safety.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A glazier begins by reviewing blueprints and specifications to determine the size, shape, and thickness of glass needed for installation projects. They measure and mark installation areas, then cut glass to precise specifications using specialized cutting tools. Physical work dominates the day as they handle and move heavy glass panels using suction cups, cranes, or hoists, often working from scaffolding or elevated platforms. They install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks, set glass into frames, and secure installations with bolts, screws, or cement. The role also involves fitting hardware like hinges, handles, and locks, plus applying protective films or decorative treatments to finished glass installations.

WHO THRIVES:
This role suits individuals with strong Realistic interests who enjoy hands-on work with tools and materials in construction environments. Success requires excellent arm-hand steadiness and near vision capabilities for precise cutting and installation work, combined with physical strength for handling heavy glass panels. Detail-oriented personalities who can maintain focus on accuracy while working under time pressure perform well, as do those comfortable with heights and outdoor work conditions. The job appeals to people who prefer concrete, tangible results over abstract work and can coordinate multiple limbs while maintaining control precision during delicate installations.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry typically requires a high school diploma or equivalent, with 44.2% of glaziers holding this level of education while 35.8% enter with less formal education. Most glaziers learn through on-the-job training programs or apprenticeships lasting 2-4 years, which combine classroom instruction with hands-on experience. Post-secondary certificates in construction trades or related fields provide an advantage, held by 12% of practitioners. Physical fitness and good hand-eye coordination are essential prerequisites for handling the demanding nature of glass installation work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced glaziers can advance to supervisory roles overseeing installation teams or specialize in high-end architectural glass work, art glass installation, or specialized applications like bulletproof or energy-efficient glazing systems. Many transition into glazing contracting, starting their own businesses focused on residential or commercial projects. Career paths also include moving into related construction trades like curtain wall installation, window manufacturing, or construction project management. Some glaziers develop expertise in restoration work for historic buildings or advance into glazing estimating and project planning roles.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The glazier profession employs 58,480 workers nationwide with a median annual wage of $57,080 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $37,300 at the 10th percentile to $89,790 at the 90th percentile. Geographic wage variation is substantial, with Massachusetts offering the highest median wages at $100,810 compared to Puerto Rico at $22,220, representing a 4.54x ratio difference. The construction industry dominates employment with 46,870 glaziers, followed by retail trade with 7,050 positions. Strong demand exists in growing metropolitan areas with active construction markets, particularly for energy-efficient window installations and commercial building projects. The profession benefits from ongoing construction activity and building renovation trends emphasizing natural light and energy efficiency.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Glaziers face moderate automation risk as the role combines routine measurement and cutting tasks that could be mechanized with advanced handling activities requiring human judgment and dexterity. While glass cutting and some measurement tasks may become increasingly automated, the complex installation work involving scaffolding, custom fitting, and on-site problem-solving remains difficult to automate given current technology limitations.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers (49-3022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high importance ratings for handling and moving objects (4.2), near vision (3.8), and arm-hand steadiness (3.9) for precise glass installation work.
    data: Handling and Moving Objects imp:4.2
    data: Near Vision imp:3.8
    data: Arm-Hand Steadiness imp:3.9
  [task_similarity] Carpenters (47-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both trades install pre-assembled frameworks for windows and doors, read blueprints for specifications, and perform general physical activities in construction settings.
    data: Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks
    data: Read and interpret blueprints
    data: Performing General Physical Activities imp:4.0
  [riasec_cluster] Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers (47-2081.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations show strong Realistic orientation (R:6.32 for glaziers) and work in construction environments requiring similar physical coordination and attention to detail.
    data: RIASEC R:6.32
    data: Construction vertical
    data: Attention to Detail imp:2.1
  [job_zone] Tile and Stone Setters (47-2044.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both are Job Zone 2 occupations requiring similar levels of preparation and share building and construction knowledge (imp:4.3) with precision installation work.
    data: Job Zone 2
    data: Building and Construction imp:4.3
    data: Manual Dexterity imp:3.2
  [knowledge_overlap] Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters (51-2041.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require mechanical knowledge (imp:3.5) and engineering/technology understanding (imp:2.8) for working with structural components and frameworks.
    data: Mechanical knowledge imp:3.5
    data: Engineering and Technology imp:2.8
    data: Install metal structural components

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['glazier', 'glass installer', 'glass setter', 'glass technician', 'glass mechanic', 'glass fitter', 'architectural glazier', 'commercial glazier']
  exclude_keywords : ['automotive glass', 'windshield', 'auto glass', 'vehicle glass', 'car glass']
  title_patterns   : ['*glazier*', 'glass installer*', 'glass setter*', '*glass tech*', 'glass mechanic*']
  common_variations: ['glazer', 'glassman', 'glass inserter', 'art glass setter', 'field glazier', 'glass glazier', 'glass tech', 'glazing technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['glass', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'glaziers', 'materials', 'installation', 'tools', 'cut', 'principles', 'install', 'objects', 'cutting', 'construction', 'glazing', 'building', 'includes', 'control', 'body', 'hand']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
glass                      75  0.02169  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:19%
tendency                   42  0.01215  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01157  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  wikipedia:5%
equipment                  33  0.00955  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:18%  onet_tasks:6%
glaziers                   25  0.00723  wikipedia            wikipedia:68%  inference:32%
materials                  24  0.00694  dwas                 dwas:46%  onet_dimensions:42%  onet_tasks:4%
installation               22  0.00636  inference            inference:41%  dwas:23%  onet_tasks:18%
tools                      16  0.00463  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:31%  onet_tasks:25%  wikipedia:19%
cut                        16  0.00463  dwas                 dwas:44%  onet_tasks:31%  wikipedia:12%
principles                 16  0.00463  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
install                    15  0.00434  dwas                 dwas:53%  onet_tasks:20%  wikipedia:13%
objects                    15  0.00434  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:20%
cutting                    14  0.00405  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:36%  inference:36%  wikipedia:29%
construction               14  0.00405  inference            inference:50%  dwas:36%  onet_dimensions:14%
glazing                    13  0.00376  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:23%  onet_tasks:15%
building                   13  0.00376  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_dimensions:23%  dwas:15%
includes                   13  0.00376  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
control                    13  0.00376  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
body                       12  0.00347  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
hand                       11  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:18%
procedures                 11  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:9%
moving                     11  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  dwas:18%  wikipedia:9%
activities                 11  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
metal                      10  0.00289  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:60%  dwas:30%  inference:10%
structures                 10  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:40%  onet_tasks:10%
specifications             10  0.00289  inference            inference:40%  onet_tasks:20%  onet_dimensions:20%
production                 10  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
techniques                 10  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
physical                   10  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:40%
doors                       9  0.00260  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  dwas:33%  wikipedia:33%
problems                    9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                       9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
problem                     9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
resources                   9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
working                     9  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  inference:33%  wikipedia:22%
windows                     8  0.00231  dwas                 dwas:38%  wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:12%
blueprints                  8  0.00231  inference            inference:38%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:12%