[Core] [68% incumbents] Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [68% incumbents] Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.
  DWAs: Direct construction or extraction personnel.

[Core] [68% incumbents] Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [68% incumbents] Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [68% incumbents] Keep records of work assignments.
  DWAs: Record operational or environmental data.

[Core] [68% incumbents] Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.
  DWAs: Install green plumbing or water handling systems.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
  DWAs: Weld metal components. | Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.
  DWAs: Inspect plumbing systems or fixtures.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.
  DWAs: Estimate construction project costs. | Estimate construction project labor requirements.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.
  DWAs: Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.
  DWAs: Cut openings in existing structures.

[Supplemental] [67% incumbents] Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.
  DWAs: Weld metal components.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.
  DWAs: Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
  DWAs: Cut metal components for installation. | Fabricate parts or components.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.
  DWAs: Create construction or installation diagrams.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.
  DWAs: Plan layout of construction, installation, or repairs.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.
  DWAs: Inspect plumbing systems or fixtures.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.
  DWAs: Weld metal components. | Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.
  DWAs: Clean equipment or facilities. | Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.
  DWAs: Operate pumps or compressors.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
  DWAs: Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.
  DWAs: Select construction materials.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.
  DWAs: Install gauges or controls.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Repair or remove and replace system components.
  DWAs: Remove parts or components from equipment. | Replace worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts. | Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

[Supplemental] [54% incumbents] Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Supplemental] [54% incumbents] Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.
  DWAs: Install green plumbing or water handling systems.

[Supplemental] [52% incumbents] Repair hydraulic or air pumps.
  DWAs: Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.35 lvl:5.36) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mechanical (imp:4.33 lvl:4.86) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Design (imp:3.76 lvl:5.05) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.60 lvl:4.20) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.31 lvl:4.02) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.24 lvl:3.97) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.24 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Physics (imp:3.23 lvl:4.05) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  English Language (imp:2.91 lvl:2.61) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Education and Training (imp:2.82 lvl:3.73) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Production and Processing (imp:2.68 lvl:2.88) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Chemistry (imp:2.51 lvl:2.99) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Law and Government (imp:2.31 lvl:1.84) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Transportation (imp:2.22 lvl:1.72) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Administrative (imp:2.21 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.17 lvl:2.01) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.16 lvl:1.53) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.14 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.11 lvl:2.08) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Psychology (imp:1.90 lvl:1.49) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Communications and Media (imp:1.85 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Food Production (imp:1.71 lvl:1.08) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.69 lvl:1.01) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Telecommunications (imp:1.59 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.51 lvl:1.18) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Geography (imp:1.47 lvl:0.91) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.47 lvl:1.07) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.42 lvl:0.62) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.38 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Biology (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.30 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.50) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.38) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Far Vision (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:2.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Control Precision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Static Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speech Recognition (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Reaction Time (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Stamina (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Speech Clarity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Originality (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Response Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Rate Control (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.22 lvl:3.31) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.03 lvl:3.06) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.98 lvl:3.97) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.96 lvl:3.42) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.94 lvl:4.50) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.92 lvl:5.74) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.86 lvl:3.99) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.82 lvl:4.49) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.81 lvl:4.76) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.81 lvl:3.76) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.77 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.63 lvl:3.39) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.50 lvl:3.17) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.48 lvl:4.04) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Processing Information (imp:3.43 lvl:3.30) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.42 lvl:4.07) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.41 lvl:3.54) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.34 lvl:3.30) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.25 lvl:3.35) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.21 lvl:2.89) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.13 lvl:2.76) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.12 lvl:3.64) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.91 lvl:2.23) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.89 lvl:2.74) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.89 lvl:3.10) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.86 lvl:2.53) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.86 lvl:2.90) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.82 lvl:2.64) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.81 lvl:2.58) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.74 lvl:2.50) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.73 lvl:2.58) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.70 lvl:1.98) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.58 lvl:2.30) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.51 lvl:2.54) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.51 lvl:2.31) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:2.76) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.45 lvl:2.32) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.41 lvl:2.07) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Working with Computers (imp:2.40 lvl:2.06) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.25 lvl:1.77) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.22 lvl:1.87) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.56) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.19) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.77) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Integrity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.38) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.10) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Adaptability (imp:0.97) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:0.92) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Cooperation (imp:0.82) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Initiative (imp:0.80) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.51) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:0.42) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Sincerity (imp:0.40) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.36) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.25) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.18) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.18) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.11) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:2.75) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Instructing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 465,840
  annual_median    : $63,800
  annual_pct10     : $44,150
  annual_pct25     : $50,190
  annual_pct75     : $85,110
  annual_pct90     : $108,420
  annual_mean      : $72,170
  hourly_median    : $30.67

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($101,020)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($31,620)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.195x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  383,600  median: $  63,270
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   16,660  median: $  71,660
  Manufacturing                            emp:   16,010  median: $  65,770
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   13,310  median: $  58,860
  Utilities                                emp:    7,580  median: $  90,750
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,790  median: $  66,640
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    3,520  median: $  53,590
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    3,350  median: $  63,480
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,720  median: $  76,510
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,840  median: $  64,160

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (16 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  383,600  median: $  63,270
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   16,660  median: $  71,660
  Manufacturing                            emp:   16,010  median: $  65,770
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   13,310  median: $  58,860
  Utilities                                emp:    7,580  median: $  90,750
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,790  median: $  66,640
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    3,520  median: $  53,590
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    3,350  median: $  63,480
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,720  median: $  76,510
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,840  median: $  64,160

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:42:24.854771Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Pipefitter (similarity: 0.4082)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipefitter
  QID: Q5407416
  Extract: A pipefitter, or steamfitter, is a tradesman who installs, assembles, fabricates, maintains, and repairs mechanical piping systems. Pipefitters usually begin as helpers or apprentices. Journeyman pipefitters deal with industrial/commercial/marine piping and heating/cooling systems. Typical industria

  Title: United Association (similarity: 0.2456)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Association
  QID: Q7887486
  Extract: The United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, commonly known as the United Association (UA), is a labor union which represents workers in the plumbing and pipefitting industries in the United States and Canada.

  Title: Apprenticeship in the United States (similarity: 0.4595)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q104864773
  Extract: Apprenticeship programs in the United States are regulated by the Smith–Hughes Act (1917), The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), and National Apprenticeship Act, also known as the "Fitzgerald Act."

  Title: 2026 Illinois Comptroller election (similarity: 0.1918)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Illinois_Comptroller_election
  QID: Q136024980
  Extract: The 2026 Illinois State Comptroller election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the state comptroller of Illinois. Incumbent Democrat Susana Mendoza declined to run for a third full term.

  Title: 2025 Pennsylvania Supreme Court election (similarity: 0.2785)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Pennsylvania_Supreme_Court_election
  QID: Q136594590
  Extract: The 2025 Pennsylvania Supreme Court retention election was held on November 4, 2025, to determine whether three Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices would serve their second 10-year terms. Christine Donohue, Kevin Dougherty, and David Wecht, who were first elected as Democrats in 2015, were all retai

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, detailed BLS wage statistics, and clear occupational definition with specific tasks and requirements.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:33:38.526738+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,854
tokens_output        : 4,274
cost_usd             : $0.046600
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found, though 'Pipefitter' and 'Apprenticeship in the United States' provide relevant context for understanding the trade specialization and training pathways.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters are skilled construction trades professionals who assemble, install, alter, and repair pipeline systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids and gases. They work with pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, and fixtures in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, applying strong mechanical knowledge and problem-solving abilities. The occupation includes specialized areas like sprinkler system installation and green plumbing technology implementation.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
These professionals begin work by locating and marking pipe installation positions using measuring tools and blueprints. They spend time directing helpers in pipe cutting and preassembly tasks while coordinating work schedules. Core activities include installing pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, and fixtures using welding, coupling, and assembly techniques. They regularly test systems by filling pipes with water or air to detect leaks using pressure gauges. Documentation tasks include keeping records of work assignments and estimating project costs for materials and labor.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this field demonstrate strong realistic interests, preferring hands-on work with tools and mechanical systems over abstract concepts. They possess excellent problem sensitivity and deductive reasoning abilities, allowing them to diagnose complex system issues efficiently. Physical capabilities including finger dexterity, manual dexterity, and trunk strength are essential for manipulating tools and working in confined spaces. Successful practitioners exhibit high dependability and attention to detail, as safety-critical systems require precision and reliability in installation and maintenance work.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most professionals enter through post-secondary certificates (43.3%) focused on plumbing or pipefitting trades, often completed at community colleges or trade schools. High school graduates (34.8%) commonly pursue apprenticeship programs that combine classroom instruction with on-the-job training under experienced journeymen. Some obtain associate degrees (9.3%) in related mechanical or construction technology fields. Entry typically requires completion of apprenticeship programs lasting 3-5 years, covering building codes, safety regulations, and specialized techniques.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced plumbers and pipefitters often advance to supervisory roles directing construction crews or become specialized technicians in areas like fire sprinkler systems or green technology installations. Many transition to self-employment as independent contractors or start their own plumbing businesses. Career progression may lead to related roles such as heating and cooling system installers, boiler operators, or construction project management positions requiring their mechanical expertise and system knowledge.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 465,840 professionals with a median annual wage of $63,800 according to BLS OEWS May 2025. Wages range from $44,150 to $108,420, with significant geographic variation from Puerto Rico ($31,620) to District of Columbia ($101,020), representing a 3.19x ratio. Construction industry dominates employment with 383,600 positions, followed by government sectors with 16,660 roles. Strong demand exists due to ongoing infrastructure needs, green building initiatives, and replacement of aging pipe systems. The skilled nature of the work provides relative job security and advancement opportunities.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Core installation and repair tasks involving complex problem-solving, spatial reasoning, and manual dexterity in varied environments resist automation. The work requires real-time decision making when encountering unexpected conditions, system integration challenges, and safety assessments that current technology cannot replicate. However, digital tools for system design, leak detection equipment, and project management software may enhance productivity while preserving the essential human skills for complex installations and repairs.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Pipelayers (47-2151.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve pipe installation and assembly work with overlapping mechanical knowledge and construction skills.
    data: Building and Construction knowledge (4.3 importance)
    data: Install pipe assemblies task
    data: Mechanical knowledge (4.3 importance)
  [knowledge_overlap] Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers (49-9021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared mechanical systems knowledge and equipment installation skills, particularly for heating and cooling systems mentioned in core description.
    data: Mechanical knowledge (4.3 importance)
    data: May install heating and cooling equipment
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge (3.2 importance)
  [riasec_cluster] Boilermakers (47-2011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both exhibit strong realistic orientation (R:7.00) with hands-on mechanical work and similar problem-solving approaches in industrial settings.
    data: RIASEC R:7.00
    data: Mechanical knowledge overlap
    data: Problem Sensitivity ability (3.8 importance)
  [skill_overlap] Maintenance and Repair Workers, General (49-9071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared troubleshooting and repairing skills with similar importance levels for maintaining building systems.
    data: Troubleshooting transferable skill (3.2 importance)
    data: Repairing transferable skill (3.2 importance)
    data: Maintain or repair plumbing task
  [career_pathway] Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians (47-2152.04) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Represents specialization path from general plumbing into green technology installations as mentioned in core tasks.
    data: Install green plumbing equipment task
    data: Same SOC code family (47-2152)
    data: Design knowledge (3.8 importance)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['plumber', 'pipefitter', 'steamfitter', 'pipe installation', 'plumbing systems', 'water systems', 'pipe assembly', 'plumbing fixtures']
  exclude_keywords : ['pipelayer', 'septic tank', 'drain cleaning', 'pipe laying', 'excavation']
  title_patterns   : ['Plumber', 'Pipefitter', 'Steamfitter', 'Fire Sprinkler Fitter', 'Commercial Plumber']
  common_variations: ['journeyman plumber', 'master plumber', 'residential plumber', 'industrial pipefitter', 'commercial plumber', 'service plumber', 'steamfitter', 'sprinkler fitter']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'pipe', 'plumbing', 'install', 'materials', 'principles', 'tools', 'piping', 'construction', 'fixtures', 'structures', 'techniques', 'mechanical', 'includes', 'objects', 'installation', 'water', 'control']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01417  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  34  0.01147  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:68%  onet_tasks:24%  dwas:6%
pipe                       24  0.00810  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:67%  inference:21%  wikipedia:12%
plumbing                   23  0.00776  dwas                 dwas:57%  onet_tasks:22%  inference:13%
install                    16  0.00540  dwas                 dwas:56%  onet_tasks:38%  inference:6%
materials                  16  0.00540  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  dwas:19%  onet_tasks:12%
principles                 16  0.00540  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
tools                      14  0.00472  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:36%  onet_dimensions:36%  inference:29%
piping                     14  0.00472  dwas                 dwas:43%  wikipedia:36%  onet_tasks:21%
construction               14  0.00472  dwas                 dwas:50%  inference:36%  onet_dimensions:14%
fixtures                   13  0.00439  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:46%  dwas:38%  inference:15%
structures                 13  0.00439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  onet_tasks:31%  dwas:31%
techniques                 13  0.00439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%
mechanical                 13  0.00439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  inference:31%  dwas:23%
includes                   13  0.00439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
objects                    13  0.00439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  dwas:8%
installation               12  0.00405  dwas                 dwas:33%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:25%
water                      12  0.00405  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:58%  dwas:17%  inference:17%
control                    12  0.00405  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
ideas                      11  0.00371  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                       10  0.00337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  onet_tasks:30%
repair                     10  0.00337  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  onet_dimensions:20%  dwas:20%
needs                      10  0.00337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
problem                    10  0.00337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:30%
body                       10  0.00337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
procedures                  9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
problems                    9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                  9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
components                  8  0.00270  dwas                 dwas:75%  onet_tasks:25%
pipes                       8  0.00270  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:88%  inference:12%
needed                      8  0.00270  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
machines                    8  0.00270  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00270  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00270  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
production                  8  0.00270  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%