[Core] [62% incumbents] Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards, using drawings, schematics, and instructions.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Identify electrical, environmental, and safety hazards associated with photovoltaic (PV) installations.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
  DWAs: Determine appropriate locations for operations or installations.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Apply weather sealing to array, building, or support mechanisms.
  DWAs: Apply sealants or other protective coatings.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Install module array interconnect wiring, implementing measures to disable arrays during installation.
  DWAs: Install electrical components, equipment, or systems.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Diagram layouts and locations for photovoltaic (PV) arrays and equipment, including existing building or site features.
  DWAs: Create construction or installation diagrams.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Determine materials, equipment, and installation sequences necessary to maximize installation efficiency.
  DWAs: Select construction materials. | Select construction equipment.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Test operating voltages to ensure operation within acceptable limits for power conditioning equipment, such as inverters and controllers.
  DWAs: Test electrical equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Determine appropriate sizes, ratings, and locations for all system overcurrent devices, disconnect devices, grounding equipment, and surge suppression equipment.
  DWAs: Determine appropriate locations for operations or installations. | Select construction materials.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Activate photovoltaic (PV) systems to verify system functionality and conformity to performance expectations.
  DWAs: Test green technology installations to verify performance.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Examine designs to determine current requirements for all parts of the photovoltaic (PV) system electrical circuit.
  DWAs: Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Demonstrate system functionality and performance, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency or bypass operations.
  DWAs: Test green technology installations to verify performance.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Identify methods for laying out, orienting, and mounting modules or arrays to ensure efficient installation, electrical configuration, or system maintenance.
  DWAs: Determine construction project layouts.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Program, adjust, or configure inverters and controls for desired set points and operating modes.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Determine connection interfaces for additional subpanels or for connecting photovoltaic (PV) systems with utility services or other power generation sources.
  DWAs: Determine construction project layouts.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Determine photovoltaic (PV) system designs or configurations based on factors such as customer needs, expectations, and site conditions.
  DWAs: Determine construction project layouts.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Select mechanical designs, installation equipment, or installation plans that conform to environmental, architectural, structural, site, and code requirements.
  DWAs: Determine construction project layouts.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Compile or maintain records of system operation, performance, and maintenance.
  DWAs: Record operational or environmental data.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations.
  DWAs: Inspect electrical or electronic systems for defects.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Install required labels on solar system components and hardware.
  DWAs: Apply identification labels or tags.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Identify and resolve any deficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) system installation or materials.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Visually inspect and test photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems.
  DWAs: Test green technology installations to verify performance. | Inspect electrical or electronic systems for defects.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Measure and analyze system performance and operating parameters to assess operating condition of systems or equipment.
  DWAs: Test green technology installations to verify performance.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Perform routine photovoltaic (PV) system maintenance on modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural systems, weather sealing, or balance of systems equipment.
  DWAs: Maintain mechanical equipment.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Install active solar systems, including solar collectors, concentrators, pumps, or fans.
  DWAs: Install solar energy systems.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Speaking (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.62 lvl:2.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Writing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Science (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.80 lvl:5.59) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.38 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:4.29 lvl:5.29) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Design (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Administration and Management (imp:4.11 lvl:4.55) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.98 lvl:3.96) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mathematics (imp:3.95 lvl:4.15) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.76 lvl:3.97) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:3.72 lvl:4.28) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Production and Processing (imp:3.42 lvl:3.32) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  English Language (imp:3.26 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.10 lvl:3.31) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Telecommunications (imp:2.99 lvl:2.60) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Transportation (imp:2.91 lvl:2.92) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Administrative (imp:2.75 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:2.66) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.45 lvl:1.99) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Physics (imp:2.22 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Law and Government (imp:2.20 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Psychology (imp:2.14 lvl:1.65) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Communications and Media (imp:2.14 lvl:1.48) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Chemistry (imp:1.99 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Geography (imp:1.90 lvl:1.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.74 lvl:1.02) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Foreign Language (imp:1.71 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.47) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.42) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.38 lvl:0.65) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:1.30) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.21) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.16) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Visualization (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speech Recognition (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Stamina (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.12 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Sound Localization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.51 lvl:5.83) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.32 lvl:4.19) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.26 lvl:6.33) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.08 lvl:3.45) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Getting Information (imp:4.06 lvl:3.34) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.96 lvl:4.30) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.87 lvl:3.79) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.86 lvl:3.69) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.83 lvl:3.40) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.77 lvl:4.28) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.69 lvl:3.61) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.50 lvl:4.24) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.49 lvl:3.91) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Processing Information (imp:3.34 lvl:3.33) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.31 lvl:3.49) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.29 lvl:4.46) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.25 lvl:3.61) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.22 lvl:3.32) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.15 lvl:4.03) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.15 lvl:3.39) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.12 lvl:3.39) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.09 lvl:3.10) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.08 lvl:3.17) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.06 lvl:3.70) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.05 lvl:3.76) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.01 lvl:3.46) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.99 lvl:3.29) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.97 lvl:3.75) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.92 lvl:3.26) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:2.88 lvl:3.90) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.74 lvl:2.90) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Working with Computers (imp:2.70 lvl:2.74) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:3.21) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.54 lvl:2.36) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.48 lvl:2.91) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.42 lvl:2.30) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.41 lvl:2.29) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.33 lvl:2.65) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.31 lvl:2.30) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.29 lvl:2.71) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.69 lvl:1.10) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.44) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.35) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:1.73) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.52) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.37) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.29) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.26) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cooperation (imp:1.23) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Control (imp:1.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.92) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Initiative (imp:0.85) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Innovation (imp:0.75) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:0.56) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.45) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.38) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.32) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.24) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.16) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:-0.02) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Installation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Negotiation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:1.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 31,350
  annual_median    : $53,140
  annual_pct10     : $41,600
  annual_pct25     : $46,700
  annual_pct75     : $62,870
  annual_pct90     : $79,970
  annual_mean      : $57,900
  hourly_median    : $25.55

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New Jersey ($78,950)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($26,860)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.939x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (33 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   20,420  median: $  56,900
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,770  median: $  47,100
  Utilities                                emp:    4,010  median: $  51,460
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      370  median: $  47,600
  Manufacturing                            emp:       40  median: $  78,580

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   20,420  median: $  56,900
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,770  median: $  47,100
  Utilities                                emp:    4,010  median: $  51,460
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      370  median: $  47,600
  Manufacturing                            emp:       40  median: $  78,580

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Photovoltaic system
match_score        : 0.6667
wikidata_qid       : Q1897785
word_count         : 9,518
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:43:54.696187Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A photovoltaic system, also called a PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. Many utility-scale PV systems use tracking systems that follow the sun's daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than fixed-mounted systems.
Photovoltaic systems convert light directly into electricity and are not to be confused with other solar technologies, such as concentrated solar power or solar thermal, used for heating and cooling. A solar array only encompasses the solar panels, the visible part of the PV system, and does not include all the other hardware, often summarized as the balance of system (BOS). PV systems range from small, rooftop-mounted or building-integrated systems with capacities ranging from a few to several tens of kilowatts to large, utility-scale power stations of hundreds of megawatts. Nowadays, off-grid or stand-alone systems account for a small portion of the market.

Operating silently and without any moving parts or air pollution, PV systems have evolved from niche market applications into a mature technology used for mainstream electricity generation. Due to the growth of photovoltaics, prices for PV systems have rapidly declined since their introduction; however, they vary by market and the size of the system. Nowadays, solar PV modules account for less than half of the system's overall cost, leaving the rest to the remaining BOS components and to soft costs, which include customer acquisition, permitting, inspection and interconnection, installation labor, and financing costs. 


== Modern system ==


=== Overview ===

A photovoltaic system converts the Sun's radiation, in the form of light, into usable electricity. It comprises the solar array and the balance of system components. PV systems can be categorized by various aspects, such as, grid-connected vs. stand alone systems, building-integrated vs. rack-mounted systems, residential vs. utility systems, distributed vs. centralized systems, rooftop vs. ground-mounted systems, tracking vs. fixed-tilt systems, and new constructed vs. retrofitted systems. Other distinctions may include, systems with microinverters vs. central inverter, systems using crystalline silicon vs. thin-film technology, and systems with modules.
About 99 percent of all European and 90 percent of all US solar power systems are connected to the electrical grid, while off-grid systems are somewhat more common in Australia and South Korea. PV systems rarely use battery storage. This may change, as government incentives for distributed energy storage are implemented and investments in storage solutions gradually become economically viable for small systems. In the UK, the number of commercial systems using battery storage is gradually increasing as a result of grid constraints preventing feedback of unused electricity into the grid as well as increased electricity costs resulting in improved economics. A typical residential solar array is rack-mounted on the roof, rather than integrated into the roof or facade of the building, which is significantly more expensive. Utility-scale solar power stations are ground-mounted, with fixed tilted solar panels rather than using expensive tracking devices. Crystalline silicon is the predominant material used in 90 percent of worldwide produced solar modules, while its rival thin-film has lost market-share. About 70 percent of all solar cells and modules are produced in China and Taiwan, only 5 percent by European and US manufacturers. The installed capacity for both small rooftop systems and large solar power stations is growing rapidly and in equal parts, although there is a notable trend towards utility-scale systems, as the focus on new installations is shifting away from Europe to sunnier regions, such as the Sunbelt in the US, which are less opposed to ground-mounted solar farms and cost-effectiveness is more emphasized by investors.
Driven by advances in technology and increases in manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of photovoltaics is declining continuously. There are several million PV systems distributed all over the world, mostly in Europe, with 1.4 million systems in Germany alone – as well as North America with 440,000 systems in the United States. The energy conversion efficiency of a conventional solar module increased from 15 to 20 percent since 2004 and a PV system recoups the energy needed for its manufacture in about 2 years. In exceptionally irradiated locations, or when thin-film technology is used, the so-called energy payback time decreases to one year or less.
Net metering and financial incentives, such as preferential feed-in tariffs for solar-generated electricity, have also greatly supported installations of PV systems in many countries. The levelised cost of electricity from large-scale PV systems has become competitive with conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of geographic regions, and grid parity has been achieved in about 30 countries.
As of 2015, the fast-growing global PV market is rapidly approaching the 200 GW mark – about 40 times the installed capacity in 2006. These systems currently contribute about 1 percent to worldwide electricity generation. Top installers of PV systems in terms of capacity are currently China, Japan and the United States, while half of the world's capacity is installed in Europe, with Germany and Italy supplying 7–8% of their respective domestic electricity consumption with solar PV. The International Energy Agency expects solar power to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar thermal contributing 16% and 11% to the global demand, respectively.


=== Solar grid-connection ===

A grid connected system is connected to a larger independent grid (typically the public electricity grid) and feeds energy directly into the grid. This energy may be shared by a residential or commercial building before or after the revenue measurement point, depending on whether the credited energy production is calculated independently of the customer's energy consumption (feed-in tariff) or only on the difference of energy (net metering). These systems vary in size from residential (2–10 kWp) to solar power stations (up to tens of MWp). This is a form of decentralized electricity generation. Feeding electricity into the grid requires the transformation of DC into AC by a special, synchronizing grid-tie inverter. In kilowatt-sized installations the DC side system voltage is as high as permitted (typically 1000 V except US residential 600 V) to limit ohmic losses. Most modules (60 or 72 crystalline silicon cells) generate 160 W to 300 W at 36 volts. It is sometimes necessary or desirable to connect the modules partially in parallel rather than all in series. An individual set of modules connected in series is known as a 'string'. A set of series-connected "strings" is known as an "array".


=== Scale of system ===
Photovoltaic systems are generally categorized into three distinct market segments: residential rooftop, commercial rooftop, and ground-mount utility-scale systems. Their capacities range from a few kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts. A typical residential system is around 10 kilowatts and mounted on a sloped roof, while commercial systems may reach a megawatt-scale and are generally installed on low-slope or even flat roofs. Although rooftop mounted systems are small and have a higher cost per watt than large utility-scale installations, they account for the largest share in the market. There is, however, a growing trend towards bigger utility-scale power p

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Solar panel (similarity: 0.4000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
  QID: Q217941
  Extract: A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using multiple solar modules that consists of photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cells are made of materials that produce excited electrons when exposed to light. These electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current electrici

  Title: Rooftop solar power (similarity: 0.4167)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power
  QID: Q7366157
  Extract: A rooftop solar power system, or rooftop PV system, is a photovoltaic (PV) system that has its electricity-generating solar panels mounted on the rooftop of a residential or commercial building or structure. The various components of such a system include photovoltaic modules, mounting systems, cabl

  Title: Growth of photovoltaics (similarity: 0.5769)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics
  QID: Q5611768
  Extract: Between 1992 and 2023, the worldwide usage of photovoltaics (PV) increased exponentially. During this period, it evolved from a niche market of small-scale applications to a mainstream electricity source. From 2016 to 2022, PV has seen an annual capacity and production growth rate of around 26%, dou

  Title: Solar power by country (similarity: 0.3922)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_by_country
  QID: Q7556729
  Extract: Many countries and territories have installed significant solar power capacity into their electrical grids to supplement or provide an alternative to conventional energy sources.
Solar power plants use one of two technologies:Photovoltaic (PV) systems use solar panels, either on rooftops or in groun

  Title: Photovoltaic system performance (similarity: 0.5667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system_performance
  QID: Q55214799
  Extract: Photovoltaic system performance is a function of the climatic conditions, the equipment used and the system configuration. PV performance can be measured as the ratio of actual solar PV system output vs expected values, the measurement being essential for proper solar PV facility's operation and mai

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence due to comprehensive O*NET data, specific BLS wage statistics, detailed task descriptions, and clear occupational definition. Rich data on skills, knowledge areas, and work activities provides strong foundation for analysis.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:40:17.186523+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,862
tokens_output        : 4,343
cost_usd             : $0.048577
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Photovoltaic system
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry on photovoltaic systems provides relevant context about the technology these workers install, including solar panels, inverters, mounting systems, and electrical components. This technical background supports understanding of the complex systems solar PV installers work with daily.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Solar Photovoltaic Installers assemble, install, and maintain solar PV systems on roofs and other structures, ensuring compliance with codes, schematics, and safety standards. They perform physical installation tasks including measuring, cutting, assembling structural framing and solar modules, while conducting minor electrical work such as current checks. These skilled tradespeople combine construction expertise with renewable energy technology knowledge to support the growing solar energy sector.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A solar PV installer begins by reviewing installation drawings and schematics to understand the project requirements and safety protocols. They spend significant time performing physical activities such as handling and moving heavy solar panels, assembling mounting structures, and installing modules on rooftops or ground-mount systems. Throughout the day, they inspect equipment and structures for proper orientation, structural integrity, and electrical safety hazards. They apply weather sealing to protect installations, install interconnect wiring while implementing safety measures to disable arrays during work, and test operating voltages to ensure systems function within acceptable parameters. The role requires continuous monitoring of processes and materials while making decisions to solve installation challenges that arise.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as solar PV installers possess strong realistic and conventional work preferences, enjoying hands-on problem-solving and systematic approaches to technical tasks. They demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, crucial for safety-critical installations on rooftops and electrical systems. Strong problem sensitivity and visualization abilities help them identify potential issues and understand spatial relationships in complex installations. Those who thrive combine physical stamina for demanding outdoor work with technical aptitude for understanding electrical systems and construction principles. Effective installers also possess good communication skills for coordinating with team members and explaining technical aspects to customers.

CAREER ENTRY:
The most common path into solar PV installation is through post-secondary certificates in construction trades, electrical work, or renewable energy technology (36.9% of workers), though many enter with just a high school diploma (33.7%). Entry-level positions typically provide on-the-job training in solar-specific techniques, safety protocols, and electrical codes. Some workers transition from related construction trades like electrical work, roofing, or general construction. Industry certifications from organizations like NABCEP (North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners) can enhance employment prospects and demonstrate competency to employers.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Solar PV installers can advance to supervisory roles such as Solar Energy Installation Managers, overseeing crews and managing project timelines and quality. With additional electrical training, many transition to become full electricians specializing in solar installations, expanding their scope to more complex electrical work. Some pursue entrepreneurial paths by starting their own solar installation companies or becoming independent contractors. Advanced practitioners may move into solar system design, sales engineering, or training roles within the rapidly expanding renewable energy sector.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, solar PV installers earn a median annual wage of $53,140, with the middle 80% earning between $41,600 and $79,970. Employment stands at 31,350 workers nationally, concentrated primarily in construction (20,420 employed), administrative services (5,770), and utilities (4,010). Geographic wage variation is substantial, ranging from $78,950 in New Jersey to $26,860 in Puerto Rico, reflecting regional differences in solar adoption and cost of living. The occupation is experiencing strong growth driven by declining solar costs, renewable energy mandates, and increasing environmental awareness. Job prospects are particularly strong in states with aggressive renewable energy targets and solar incentive programs.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Solar PV installation faces low automation risk due to the highly variable, site-specific nature of installations requiring human judgment and dexterity. While some assembly processes may become more standardized and pre-fabricated components more common, the core activities of handling and moving objects on varied roof structures, applying weather sealing, and making site-specific installation decisions require human problem-solving and manual dexterity. The emphasis on safety-critical work in challenging physical environments further protects this occupation from automation displacement.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Electricians (47-2111.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require electrical installation knowledge and testing electrical systems, with solar installers performing minor electrical work.
    data: Install module array interconnect wiring
    data: Test operating voltages
    data: Electrical installation knowledge overlap
  [career_pathway] Solar Energy Installation Managers (47-1011.03) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural advancement path from installer to management role overseeing solar installation teams and projects.
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
    data: Supervision progression path
    data: Same solar energy domain
  [riasec_cluster] Wind Turbine Service Technicians (49-9081.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize realistic work preferences with renewable energy technology focus and similar physical demands.
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
    data: Renewable energy sector
    data: Physical installation work
  [knowledge_overlap] Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians (47-2152.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared solar energy installation expertise and building construction knowledge for renewable energy systems.
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
    data: Solar technology specialization
    data: Installation expertise overlap
  [task_similarity] Maintenance and Repair Workers, General (49-9071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar physical work activities including handling objects, inspecting equipment, and performing maintenance tasks.
    data: Related occupation Primary-Long
    data: Handling and Moving Objects activity
    data: Equipment inspection tasks
  [transferable_skill] Carpenters (47-2031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared building construction knowledge and physical installation skills for structural framing work.
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
    data: Assembling structural framing
    data: Job Zone 2 overlap

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['solar', 'photovoltaic', 'PV installer', 'solar panel', 'solar energy', 'renewable energy', 'solar technician', 'solar installation']
  exclude_keywords : ['thermal', 'manager', 'supervisor', 'engineer', 'designer']
  title_patterns   : ['PV Installer', 'Solar Installer', 'Photovoltaic Installer', 'Solar Panel Installer', 'Solar Technician']
  common_variations: ['PV Installer', 'Solar Panel Installer', 'Photovoltaic Installer', 'Solar Electric Installer', 'Residential Solar Installer', 'Solar Technician', 'PV Technician', 'Solar Energy Installer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['solar', 'power', 'energy', 'grid', 'photovoltaic', 'electricity', 'electrical', 'equipment', 'tendency', 'modules', 'array', 'others', 'panels', 'connected', 'voltage', 'installation', 'inverter', 'performance', 'installations', 'utility']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
solar                     195  0.02532  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:11%  dwas:3%
power                     117  0.01519  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_tasks:3%
energy                     93  0.01207  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  inference:9%  dwas:6%
grid                       92  0.01194  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
photovoltaic               86  0.01116  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_tasks:13%  inference:2%
electricity                58  0.00753  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
electrical                 45  0.00584  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:22%  onet_tasks:9%
equipment                  45  0.00584  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:51%  onet_tasks:20%  wikipedia:18%
tendency                   42  0.00545  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
modules                    39  0.00506  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:5%
array                      38  0.00493  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_tasks:5%
others                     38  0.00493  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
panels                     37  0.00480  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:5%  onet_tasks:3%
connected                  33  0.00428  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
voltage                    33  0.00428  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
installation               30  0.00390  wikipedia            wikipedia:37%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:27%
inverter                   30  0.00390  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
performance                29  0.00377  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  onet_dimensions:24%  onet_tasks:14%
installations              28  0.00364  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  dwas:21%  inference:18%
utility                    27  0.00350  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_tasks:4%
cells                      27  0.00350  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_dimensions:4%
battery                    26  0.00337  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
generation                 25  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_tasks:4%
cost                       24  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
current                    23  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  onet_tasks:4%  onet_dimensions:4%
output                     23  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
technology                 22  0.00286  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:18%  dwas:18%
costs                      22  0.00286  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  onet_dimensions:18%  inference:5%
module                     21  0.00273  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_tasks:5%
mounted                    21  0.00273  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
panel                      21  0.00273  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
inverters                  20  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:5%
storage                    20  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_dimensions:5%
capacity                   20  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
kwh                        20  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
building                   18  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:72%  onet_dimensions:17%  onet_tasks:11%
monitoring                 18  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:44%  inference:6%
construction               18  0.00234  dwas                 dwas:44%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:11%
consumption                18  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:6%
small                      18  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:6%