[Core] [58% incumbents] Requisition tools and equipment, select type and size of pipe, and collect and transport materials and equipment to work site.
  DWAs: Select construction materials. | Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed. | Order construction or extraction materials or equipment.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Cut or drill holes in walls or floors to accommodate the passage of pipes.
  DWAs: Cut openings in existing structures. | Drill holes in construction materials.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Perform rough-ins, repair and replace fixtures and water heaters, and locate, repair, or remove leaking or broken pipes.
  DWAs: Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Fit or assist in fitting valves, couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, using hand tools.
  DWAs: Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel. | Install building fixtures.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Mount brackets and hangers on walls and ceilings to hold pipes, and set sleeves or inserts to provide support for pipes.
  DWAs: Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Disassemble and remove damaged or worn pipe.
  DWAs: Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas.

[Core] [57% incumbents] Clean shop, work area, and machines, using solvent and rags.
  DWAs: Clean equipment or facilities.

[Supplemental] [57% incumbents] Immerse pipe in chemical solution to remove dirt, oil, and scale.
  DWAs: Clean equipment or facilities.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Measure, cut, thread and assemble new pipe, placing the assembled pipe in hangers or other supports.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Cut metal components for installation. | Install plumbing or piping.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Assist pipe fitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.
  DWAs: Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Cut pipe and lift up to fitters.
  DWAs: Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed. | Cut metal components for installation.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Excavate and grade ditches, and lay and join pipe for water and sewer service.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches. | Install plumbing or piping.

[Supplemental] [56% incumbents] Install gas burners to convert furnaces from wood, coal, or oil.
  DWAs: Assemble products or production equipment.

[Supplemental] [56% incumbents] Fill pipes with sand or resin to prevent distortion, and hold pipes during bending and installation.
  DWAs: Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Clean and renew steam traps.
  DWAs: Clean equipment or facilities. | Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:2.62 lvl:1.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Speaking (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Mathematics (imp:2.25 lvl:1.38) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Writing (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.46 lvl:4.64) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.67 lvl:4.09) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mechanical (imp:3.64 lvl:4.42) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Mathematics (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  English Language (imp:3.28 lvl:2.69) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administration and Management (imp:3.13 lvl:2.74) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Design (imp:2.92 lvl:3.11) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.87 lvl:2.59) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Education and Training (imp:2.81 lvl:2.99) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.81 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Transportation (imp:2.72 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Production and Processing (imp:2.37 lvl:2.23) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Administrative (imp:2.34 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Law and Government (imp:2.33 lvl:1.67) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.19 lvl:1.80) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.14 lvl:1.20) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Foreign Language (imp:2.11 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.00 lvl:1.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Physics (imp:1.92 lvl:1.91) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:1.82 lvl:1.48) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.78 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Telecommunications (imp:1.57 lvl:0.52) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Geography (imp:1.56 lvl:0.75) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Communications and Media (imp:1.34 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Biology (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Psychology (imp:1.27) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  History and Archeology (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.25 lvl:2.62) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Near Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Static Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Speech Clarity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Selective Attention (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Stamina (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Far Vision (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.25 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Number Facility (imp:2.12 lvl:1.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Time Sharing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Response Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.38) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Written Expression (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.29 lvl:4.78) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.12 lvl:4.06) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Getting Information (imp:4.10 lvl:3.46) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.05 lvl:5.64) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.99 lvl:4.76) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.98 lvl:4.57) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.91 lvl:4.38) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.79 lvl:4.77) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.75 lvl:3.78) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.63 lvl:4.22) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.51 lvl:4.21) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.45 lvl:3.67) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.45 lvl:3.60) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.42 lvl:3.61) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.39 lvl:3.42) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.33 lvl:3.17) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.30 lvl:4.56) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.26 lvl:2.81) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.21 lvl:4.03) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.18 lvl:3.50) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.16 lvl:3.57) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.14 lvl:3.77) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Processing Information (imp:3.08 lvl:3.06) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.08 lvl:3.87) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.05 lvl:3.39) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.03 lvl:2.41) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.83 lvl:3.01) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.81 lvl:2.30) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.69 lvl:1.70) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.66 lvl:2.33) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.63 lvl:2.17) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.63 lvl:2.35) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.52 lvl:1.90) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.40 lvl:1.72) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.40 lvl:1.84) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.38 lvl:1.43) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.28 lvl:1.70) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.27 lvl:1.91) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.26 lvl:2.12) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Working with Computers (imp:2.11 lvl:1.56) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.90) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.86) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.70) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.02) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.02) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Integrity (imp:1.01) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Dependability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.63) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:0.57) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:0.57) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Humility (imp:0.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.39) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Optimism (imp:0.30) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Sincerity (imp:0.22) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Initiative (imp:0.20) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.03) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.05) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.07) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:-0.20) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.32) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.63) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.62 lvl:2.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Repairing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Time Management (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:1.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Persuasion (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Installation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Systems Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 44,330
  annual_median    : $42,360
  annual_pct10     : $33,590
  annual_pct25     : $36,940
  annual_pct75     : $47,720
  annual_pct90     : $57,780
  annual_mean      : $43,730
  hourly_median    : $20.36

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($56,140)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($25,560)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.196x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (49 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   42,460  median: $  42,210
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      670  median: $  42,910
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      220  median: $  56,000
  Utilities                                emp:      200  median: $  45,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      200  median: $  51,940
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      160  median: $  57,340
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $  41,790
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  39,910

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:   42,460  median: $  42,210
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      670  median: $  42,910
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      220  median: $  56,000
  Utilities                                emp:      200  median: $  45,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      200  median: $  51,940
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      160  median: $  57,340
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $  41,790
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  39,910

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matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:45:00.558312Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Pipefitter (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipefitter
  QID: Q5407416
  Extract: A pipefitter, or steamfitter, is a tradesman who installs, assembles, fabricates, maintains, and repairs mechanical piping systems. Pipefitters usually begin as helpers or apprentices. Journeyman pipefitters deal with industrial/commercial/marine piping and heating/cooling systems. Typical industria

  Title: Plunger (similarity: 0.1493)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunger
  QID: Q906997
  Extract: A plunger is a tool driven by or against fluid pressure. In plumbing, the term plunger commonly refers to handheld tools used to clear blockages in drains and pipes. Plumbing plungers consist of a rubber suction cup attached to a stick (shaft) usually made of wood or plastic. A different bellows-lik

  Title: Plumber (similarity: 0.2090)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumber
  QID: Q252924
  Extract: A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, hot-water production, sewage and drainage in plumbing systems.

  Title: Sheryl Lee Ralph filmography (similarity: 0.2045)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Lee_Ralph_filmography
  QID: Q136306629
  Extract: 
The following is a select filmography of American actress Sheryl Lee Ralph.

  Title: List of Ben 10: Alien Force episodes (similarity: 0.1667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ben_10%3A_Alien_Force_episodes
  QID: Q113183
  Extract: 

This is a list of episodes of the American animated television series, Ben 10: Alien Force. The series was created for Cartoon Network by team Man of Action, and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. It takes place five years after the original Ben 10 series and takes a darker turn than its predece

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong source data with detailed task descriptions, clear skill requirements, and comprehensive wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025. The helper role is well-defined with specific education and career progression patterns.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:44:53.530625+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,720
tokens_output        : 4,050
cost_usd             : $0.045771
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match exists for this helper role, though related articles for Pipefitter and Plumber describe the skilled trades that these helpers support. The helper role represents an entry-level support position rather than the fully qualified tradespeople described in those articles.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Helpers for pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters assist skilled tradespeople by performing tasks requiring less technical skill, including material handling, tool supply, and basic installation support. They prepare work areas, transport equipment, and perform routine maintenance tasks while learning the fundamentals of pipe installation and repair systems. These entry-level construction workers provide essential support that enables skilled craftspeople to focus on complex technical work.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day begins with collecting and transporting pipes, fittings, and tools to the job site while ensuring all necessary materials are available. They cut holes in walls and floors for pipe passage, mount brackets and hangers to support piping systems, and assist with fitting valves and couplings using hand tools. Much of the work involves measuring, cutting, and threading new pipe sections, then placing them in proper supports and hangers. They also clean work areas and equipment using solvents, immerse pipes in chemical solutions to remove buildup, and disassemble damaged piping when repairs are needed. Throughout the day, they follow safety protocols while performing physical tasks that require manual dexterity and coordination.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess strong manual dexterity and physical stamina, as the work demands extensive handling of materials and tools in confined spaces. They demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, crucial for supporting skilled tradespeople who rely on their assistance for efficient project completion. Successful helpers show strong cooperation skills and the ability to follow detailed instructions while maintaining safety awareness in potentially hazardous environments. Those with mechanical aptitude and an interest in learning construction trades find this role particularly rewarding, as it provides hands-on exposure to building systems and repair techniques.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most helpers enter with a high school diploma or equivalent, representing 48.7% of workers, though many also pursue post-secondary certificates in construction trades (26.8%). No extensive prior experience is required, as this is designed as an entry-level position where workers learn through on-the-job training. Physical fitness and basic mathematical skills are essential, along with the ability to safely operate hand tools and follow safety protocols.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
This role serves as a stepping stone to become a journeyman plumber, pipefitter, steamfitter, or pipelayer through apprenticeship programs or additional training. Many helpers advance by completing formal apprenticeships that combine classroom instruction with supervised work experience. Career progression typically leads to specialized trades positions with significantly higher earning potential and greater technical responsibilities in designing and installing complex piping systems.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The occupation employs 44,330 workers nationwide with a median annual wage of $42,360 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, ranging from $33,590 to $57,780 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic variation is moderate with a 2.20x ratio between highest-paying Washington ($56,140) and lowest-paying Puerto Rico ($25,560). The construction industry dominates employment with 42,460 workers, followed by much smaller numbers in administrative services (670) and mining operations (220). Demand typically correlates with construction activity and infrastructure maintenance needs, making employment somewhat cyclical but generally stable due to ongoing repair and replacement requirements.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
This role faces low automation risk in the near term due to the manual dexterity, spatial reasoning, and adaptability required for handling materials in varied construction environments. The work involves inspecting equipment and structures, handling objects in confined spaces, and performing general physical activities that current automation technology cannot easily replicate in dynamic construction settings.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters (47-2152.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct advancement pathway as helpers learn skills to become journeyman craftspeople through apprenticeship programs.
    data: Job Zone progression from 2 to 3
    data: Shared building and construction knowledge (4.5 importance)
    data: Similar mechanical knowledge requirements
  [riasec_cluster] Helpers--Electricians (47-3013.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share dominant Realistic orientation (R:6.96) with similar physical work activities and helper responsibilities in construction trades.
    data: Both Job Zone 2
    data: Shared Realistic RIASEC profile
    data: Similar helper task structure
  [task_similarity] Helpers--Carpenters (47-3012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both perform material handling, tool supply, and basic installation support tasks requiring similar manual dexterity and coordination abilities.
    data: Manual dexterity importance 3.8
    data: Handling and moving objects activity level 5.6
    data: Similar construction support roles
  [skill_overlap] Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers (49-9098.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Overlapping transferable skills in repairing (2.6 level) and coordination (3.0 level) with similar helper responsibilities.
    data: Repairing skill level 2.6
    data: Coordination skill level 3.0
    data: Helper role structure
  [knowledge_overlap] Pipelayers (47-2151.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in building and construction knowledge (4.5 importance) and mechanical knowledge (3.6 importance) with direct pipe work connection.
    data: Building and construction knowledge 4.6 level
    data: Mechanical knowledge 4.4 level
    data: Pipe-focused work activities

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['helper', 'plumber', 'pipefitter', 'steamfitter', 'pipelayer', 'pipe', 'apprentice', 'assistant']
  exclude_keywords : ['journeyman', 'master', 'contractor', 'supervisor', 'foreman']
  title_patterns   : ['Helper', 'Assistant', 'Apprentice', 'Cub', 'Support']
  common_variations: ['Plumber Helper', 'Pipe Fitter Helper', 'Steamfitter Helper', 'Plumbing Apprentice', 'Conduit Helper', 'Hydraulic Plumber Helper', 'Marine Pipefitter Helper', 'Gas Main Fitter Helper']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'materials', 'construction', 'principles', 'objects', 'pipe', 'tools', 'piping', 'includes', 'control', 'techniques', 'performing', 'ideas', 'hand', 'production', 'physical', 'needed', 'activities']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01517  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  33  0.01192  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:15%  inference:9%
materials                  21  0.00759  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:48%  dwas:33%  inference:14%
construction               17  0.00614  dwas                 dwas:47%  inference:41%  onet_dimensions:12%
principles                 16  0.00578  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    14  0.00506  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  dwas:7%  inference:7%
pipe                       13  0.00470  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:62%  inference:23%  wikipedia:15%
tools                      12  0.00434  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:17%
piping                     12  0.00434  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  dwas:25%  inference:25%
includes                   12  0.00434  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00434  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
techniques                 11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  inference:9%
performing                 11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  inference:27%
ideas                      11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                       10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
production                 10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:10%  wikipedia:10%
physical                   10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:40%
needed                     10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:20%  inference:10%
activities                 10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
pipes                       9  0.00325  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:67%  inference:22%  wikipedia:11%
problems                    9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                       9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
structures                  9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  dwas:33%  inference:11%
resources                   9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
handling                    9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  inference:44%
quickly                     9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
plumbing                    9  0.00325  dwas                 dwas:56%  wikipedia:44%
machines                    8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
installation                8  0.00289  dwas                 dwas:38%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:25%
monitoring                  8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                   8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
events                      8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
identifying                 8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%