[Core] [71% incumbents] Comply with prescribed safety procedures or federal laws regulating waste disposal methods.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Load or unload materials into containers or onto trucks, using hoists or forklifts.
  DWAs: Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. | Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Clean mold-contaminated sites by removing damaged porous materials or thoroughly cleaning all contaminated nonporous materials.
  DWAs: Decontaminate equipment or sites to remove hazardous or toxic substances.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Operate cranes to move or load baskets, casks, or canisters.
  DWAs: Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Upload baskets of irradiated elements onto machines that insert fuel elements into canisters and secure lids.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Build containment areas prior to beginning abatement or decontamination work.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Remove asbestos or lead from surfaces, using hand or power tools such as scrapers, vacuums, or high-pressure sprayers.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Identify asbestos, lead, or other hazardous materials to be removed, using monitoring devices.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Prepare hazardous material for removal or storage.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Clean contaminated equipment or areas for reuse, using detergents or solvents, sandblasters, filter pumps, or steam cleaners.
  DWAs: Decontaminate equipment or sites to remove hazardous or toxic substances.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Remove or limit contamination following emergencies involving hazardous substances.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Operate machines or equipment to remove, package, store, or transport loads of waste materials.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Sort specialized hazardous waste at landfills or disposal centers, following proper disposal procedures.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Drive trucks or other heavy equipment to convey contaminated waste to designated sea or ground locations.
  DWAs: Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Identify or separate waste products or materials for recycling or reuse.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Organize or track the locations of hazardous items in landfills.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Mix or pour concrete into forms to encase waste material for disposal.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities. | Pour materials into or on designated areas.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Package, store, or move irradiated fuel elements in the underwater storage basins of nuclear reactor plants, using machines or equipment.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Record numbers of containers stored at disposal sites, specifying amounts or types of equipment or waste disposed.
  DWAs: Record operational or environmental data.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Process e-waste, such as computer components containing lead or mercury.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Apply bioremediation techniques to hazardous wastes to allow naturally occurring bacteria to break down toxic substances.
  DWAs: Apply new technologies to improve work processes.

--- SKILLS ---
  Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.60 lvl:4.43) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Administration and Management (imp:3.46 lvl:3.65) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Transportation (imp:3.41 lvl:3.62) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.40 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Building and Construction (imp:3.24 lvl:3.51) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mechanical (imp:3.10 lvl:3.82) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  English Language (imp:3.09 lvl:3.58) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:2.84 lvl:2.98) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administrative (imp:2.58 lvl:2.86) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Chemistry (imp:2.58 lvl:3.61) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Law and Government (imp:2.57 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.56 lvl:2.61) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.53 lvl:2.57) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Education and Training (imp:2.52 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Design (imp:2.51 lvl:2.72) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:2.41 lvl:2.87) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.33 lvl:2.31) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Foreign Language (imp:2.27 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:2.26 lvl:1.58) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Biology (imp:2.23 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Production and Processing (imp:2.17 lvl:2.17) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.06 lvl:2.08) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Psychology (imp:2.06 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.04 lvl:1.84) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Food Production (imp:1.95 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Geography (imp:1.80 lvl:1.86) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Communications and Media (imp:1.75 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Fine Arts (imp:1.74 lvl:0.96) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.70 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.69 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.67 lvl:1.20) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.53 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Control Precision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Oral Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Expression (imp:3.50 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.50 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.50 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Visualization (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Static Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Reaction Time (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Originality (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Response Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Number Facility (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Stamina (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.07 lvl:4.44) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:3.95 lvl:3.37) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.91 lvl:4.12) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.91 lvl:4.60) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.83 lvl:4.71) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.80 lvl:4.00) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.77 lvl:4.13) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.70 lvl:3.85) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.67 lvl:4.45) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.57 lvl:4.35) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.51 lvl:3.61) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Processing Information (imp:3.49 lvl:3.97) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.49 lvl:3.40) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.45 lvl:3.61) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.32 lvl:3.14) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.29 lvl:3.32) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.28 lvl:3.47) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.24 lvl:3.47) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.24 lvl:3.25) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.22 lvl:3.47) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.21 lvl:4.14) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.16 lvl:3.54) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.11 lvl:3.24) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.08 lvl:3.12) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.05 lvl:3.17) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.03 lvl:3.03) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.01 lvl:3.26) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.99 lvl:3.22) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.97 lvl:2.85) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.95 lvl:3.23) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.92 lvl:2.93) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.91 lvl:3.25) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.90 lvl:3.29) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.89 lvl:2.98) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.84 lvl:2.96) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.77 lvl:2.71) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.72 lvl:2.69) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.69 lvl:2.44) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.68 lvl:2.58) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Working with Computers (imp:2.60 lvl:2.60) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.49 lvl:2.42) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.74) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.70) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.24) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.97) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Control (imp:1.80) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Adaptability (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:1.15) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.92) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.86) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Sincerity (imp:0.57) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Initiative (imp:0.38) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.37) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Humility (imp:0.29) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.18) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Optimism (imp:-0.06) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:-0.16) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.23) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.38) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.50) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operation and Control (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Negotiation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Repairing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Installation (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Technology Design (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 51,710
  annual_median    : $49,450
  annual_pct10     : $38,460
  annual_pct25     : $44,720
  annual_pct75     : $61,530
  annual_pct90     : $82,410
  annual_mean      : $56,430
  hourly_median    : $23.78

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New York ($73,090)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($28,220)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.590x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   43,070  median: $  48,660
  Construction                             emp:    2,810  median: $  49,610
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,820  median: $  65,580
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,610  median: $  62,180
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      420  median: $  55,650
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      300  median: $  56,750
  Manufacturing                            emp:      290  median: $  60,320
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      260  median: $  59,810
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      230  median: $  59,160
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      190  median: $  55,920

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (12 total) ---
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   43,070  median: $  48,660
  Construction                             emp:    2,810  median: $  49,610
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,820  median: $  65,580
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,610  median: $  62,180
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      420  median: $  55,650
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      300  median: $  56,750
  Manufacturing                            emp:      290  median: $  60,320
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      260  median: $  59,810
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      230  median: $  59,160
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      190  median: $  55,920

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
match_score        : 0.6575
wikidata_qid       : Q16975547
word_count         : 4,209
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_Materials_Transportation_Act
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:46:30.954780Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA), enacted in 1975, is the principal federal law in the United States regulating the transportation of hazardous materials. Its purpose is to "protect against the risks to life, property, and the environment that are inherent in the transportation of hazardous material in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce" under the authority of the United States Secretary of Transportation. 

The Act was passed as a means to improve the uniformity of existing regulations for transporting hazardous materials and to prevent spills and illegal dumping endangering the public and the environment, a problem exacerbated by uncoordinated and fragmented regulations. Regulations are enforced through four key provisions encompassing federal standards under Title 49 of the United States Code:

Procedures and policies
Material designations & labeling
Packaging requirements
Operational rules
Violation of the HMTA regulations can result in civil or criminal penalties, unless a special permit is granted under the discretion of the Secretary of Transportation.


== Background ==


=== History ===

In the 1970s, landfills throughout the United States began to refuse the acceptance of hazardous wastes for the protection of property, the environment, and liability from what would later become known as Superfund sites, which dramatically increased the cost of disposal.  The high cost of disposal led to increased dumping of materials that were increasingly being deemed "hazardous" by the public and government. Illegal dumping took place on vacant lots, along highways,  or on the actual highways themselves.  
At the same time, increased accidents and incidents with hazardous materials during transportation was a growing problem, causing damage to property and the environment, injury, and death.
At the time, the U.S. Department of Transportation estimated that 75% of all hazardous waste shipments violated existing regulations due to a lack of inspection personnel and poor coordination among the U.S. Coast Guard, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Federal Railroad Administration.
The increasing frequency of illegal "midnight" dumping and spills, along with the already existing inconsistent regulations and fragmented enforcement, led to the passing of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act.  It was signed into law on January 3, 1975 by President Gerald Ford, as a means to strengthen the Hazardous Materials Transportation Control Act of 1970 and unify existing regulations.
Since its passage, the HMTA has had two major amendments: 

the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act (1990) and
the Hazardous Materials Transportation Authorization Act (1994).


=== Importance ===
It is estimated that the United States alone makes over 500,000 shipments of hazardous materials every day. More than 90% of these shipments are transported by truck, and anywhere from 5–15% of those trucks are carrying hazardous materials regulated under the HMTA. Approximately 50% of those materials are corrosive or flammable petroleum products, while the remaining shipments represent any of the 2,700 other chemicals considered hazardous in interstate commerce. Accidents that occurred in the transportation of hazardous materials resulted in injury, death, and the destruction of property and the environment. However, the accidents were not limited to the road.  The number of incidents regarding hazardous wastes was second in railway accidents behind road accidents.  The passage of the HMTA (and its subsequent amendments) has significantly reduced the number of incidents and the gravity of those incidents with hazardous materials in transportation.


=== Regulatory role ===
The HMTA is one of the eight laws defining the EPA's Emergency Management Program.  The other laws comprising the Emergency Management Program include the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Oil Pollution Act (OPA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), and the Chemical Safety Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act (CSISSFRRA).
The primary objective of the HMTA is to protect "life, property, and the environment"  from the inherent risks of transporting hazardous material, in all major modes of commerce, by improving the regulation and enforcement authority of the Secretary of Transportation.  It is in the Secretary's authority to designate material or a group or class of material as hazardous when they meet the definition of hazardous material under the Act.
A hazardous material, as defined by the Secretary, is any particular quantity or form of a material that may pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property during transportation in commerce. This includes materials that are explosive, radioactive, infectious, flammable, toxic, oxidizing, or corrosive.
Hazardous wastes and hazardous substances are designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hazardous wastes are designated under the EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, while hazardous substances are designated by the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The HMTA regulates all essential modes of transportation due to the dangers hazardous materials can present during shipment by ground, air, sea, or any other mode of transportation, such as through a pipeline.


==== Regulatory categories ====
Regulations under the Act are categorized into four key provisions, encompassing federal standards under Title 49 of the United States Code that guide the safe transportation of hazardous materials:

Procedures and policies
Material designations & labeling
Packaging requirements
Operational rules


==== Responsible parties ====
The HMTA specifically states that regulations apply to any person who —

transports hazardous materials in commerce;
causes hazardous material to be transported in commerce;
designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce;
prepares or accepts hazardous material for transportation in commerce;
is responsible for the safety of transporting hazardous material in commerce;
certifies compliance with any requirement under the Act; or
misrepresents whether such person is engaged in any activity under the above requirements.
Essentially, all persons involved in the preparation of the transportation of hazardous materials, though the primary burden of liability falls on the shipper of the hazardous materials (the person who offers shipment). Carriers are only required to ensure that required information accompanying hazardous materials packages is immediately available to personnel who would respond to an incident or conduct a hazardous materials investigation, per the amendments enforced in the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990.


==== Enforcement ====
Regulations are enforced by use of compliance orders, civil penalties, and injunctive relief, under the discretion of the Secretary of Transportation.
As the Act stands now (with its latest amendments), the Department of Transportation (DOT) is most concerned with the test conditions of packages, rather than the transportation conditions. Enforcement includes random packaging inspections by DOT inspectors at freight terminals, intermodal transfer facilities, airports, and other facilities to determine compliance with proper marking and labeling of packaging. DOT also has made it its intent to inspect manufacturing facilities, testing facilities, and shipper's facilities where manufacturing oper

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Asbestos abatement (similarity: 0.3019)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos_abatement
  QID: Q4803684
  Extract: Asbestos abatement in construction is a set of procedures designed to control the release of asbestos fibers from asbestos-containing materials. Asbestos abatement is utilized during general construction in areas containing asbestos materials, particularly when those materials are being removed, enc

  Title: RoHS (similarity: 0.1026)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoHS
  QID: Q740504
  Extract: The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union.

  Title: Nuclear ethics (similarity: 0.1224)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_ethics
  QID: Q15141396
  Extract: Nuclear ethics is a cross-disciplinary field of academic and policy-relevant study in which the problems associated with nuclear warfare, nuclear deterrence, nuclear arms control, nuclear disarmament, or nuclear energy are examined through one or more ethical or moral theories or frameworks.

  Title: Electronic waste (similarity: 0.1569)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste
  QID: Q327400
  Extract: Electronic waste (E-Waste) describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. It is also commonly known as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or end-of-life (EOL) electronics. Electronic waste is one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally, driven by rapid technological advanc

  Title: Lead abatement (similarity: 0.2449)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_abatement
  QID: Q23581415
  Extract: Lead abatement includes lead-based paint abatement activities, such as inspections, risk assessments, as well as removal. Lead abatement must be performed by educated, certified professionals with proper safety protocols to limit lead exposure. The goal is to permanently eliminate lead-based paint h

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data coverage with detailed work activities, skills, and knowledge areas. Clear industry employment patterns and wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025 provide reliable market intelligence.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:51:24.677357+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,915
tokens_output        : 4,182
cost_usd             : $0.045731
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match relates to transportation regulations rather than removal work. The semantic neighbor 'Asbestos abatement' provides more relevant context for the actual work performed.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Hazardous Materials Removal Workers identify, safely remove, and dispose of dangerous substances including asbestos, lead-based paint, radioactive materials, and contaminated soil. They require specialized training and certification to handle these materials while following strict federal safety protocols. These workers protect public health by eliminating environmental hazards from buildings, contaminated sites, and industrial facilities.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Workers start by using monitoring devices to identify hazardous materials like asbestos or lead in buildings or contaminated sites. They build containment areas and don protective equipment before beginning removal work using specialized tools like scrapers, vacuums, or high-pressure sprayers. Throughout the process, they carefully load contaminated materials into containers using hoists or forklifts, ensuring compliance with federal waste disposal regulations. The day includes decontaminating equipment and work areas using detergents, solvents, or steam cleaners. Workers communicate frequently with supervisors and team members about safety protocols and document their work for regulatory compliance.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful hazmat workers possess exceptional attention to detail and dependability, as any oversight could have serious health consequences. They excel at following complex safety procedures and regulations while maintaining physical stamina for demanding removal work. Strong problem sensitivity allows them to identify potential hazards and safety issues before they become dangerous. These workers combine mechanical aptitude with critical thinking skills to operate specialized equipment while making safety-critical decisions in challenging environments.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most workers enter through high school completion (24.9%) or post-secondary certificates in construction trades or environmental technology (19.7%), though 26% start with less than high school education. Specialized training and certification in hazardous materials handling is mandatory, often including confined space entry permits and OSHA certifications. Entry-level positions provide on-the-job training under experienced supervisors to learn proper safety protocols and equipment operation.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced workers can advance to supervisory roles overseeing hazmat removal teams or become specialized technicians in specific materials like asbestos or radioactive waste. Career paths include transitioning to environmental consulting, industrial safety management, or starting hazmat remediation companies. Some workers move into related fields like water treatment operations or recycling coordination where their hazardous materials expertise provides valuable background.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 51,710 workers nationally with median wages of $49,450 annually (BLS OEWS May 2025), ranging from $38,460 to $82,410. Geographic wage variation is significant, with New York paying $73,090 compared to Puerto Rico's $28,220, reflecting regional contamination challenges and cost of living differences. Administrative and support services employ 83% of workers, primarily in environmental remediation companies. Demand remains steady due to ongoing environmental cleanup requirements and aging infrastructure containing legacy hazardous materials like asbestos and lead.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Core removal activities requiring human judgment for safety-critical decisions and physical manipulation of hazardous materials in confined spaces will remain largely manual. While monitoring devices and documentation software may become more sophisticated, the fundamental need for human expertise in identifying hazards and following complex safety protocols limits automation potential.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall (47-2131.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve working with building materials that may contain hazardous substances like asbestos and require similar safety protocols and removal techniques.
    data: Related occupation in O*NET
    data: Shared asbestos removal tasks
    data: Similar building construction knowledge requirements
  [knowledge_overlap] Recycling and Reclamation Workers (53-7062.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require expertise in waste management procedures, transportation regulations, and handling of potentially contaminated materials.
    data: Related occupation in O*NET
    data: Shared transportation knowledge (3.4 importance)
    data: Similar waste handling procedures
  [skill_overlap] Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators (51-8031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations require monitoring skills (3.6 importance) and public safety knowledge (3.6 importance) for managing hazardous substances.
    data: Related occupation in O*NET
    data: Monitoring skills importance 3.6
    data: Public safety knowledge 3.6 importance
  [career_pathway] Construction Laborers (47-2061.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Construction laborers often transition to hazmat work when they encounter contaminated materials and receive specialized training.
    data: Related occupation in O*NET
    data: Shared Job Zone 3 preparation level
    data: Building and construction knowledge overlap (3.2 importance)
  [riasec_cluster] Highway Maintenance Workers (47-4051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles cluster in the Realistic domain (R:7.00) with similar physical work activities and conventional work style requirements.
    data: Related occupation in O*NET
    data: Similar RIASEC Realistic orientation
    data: Shared physical work activities importance 3.9

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['hazmat', 'asbestos', 'abatement', 'hazardous materials', 'decontamination', 'environmental remediation', 'lead removal', 'toxic cleanup']
  exclude_keywords : ['chemical engineer', 'laboratory technician', 'environmental scientist', 'waste management driver', 'recycling sorter']
  title_patterns   : ['*hazmat*', '*abatement*', '*decontamination*', '*hazardous*removal*', '*asbestos*worker*']
  common_variations: ['hazmat worker', 'asbestos abatement worker', 'decontamination specialist', 'environmental cleanup worker', 'hazardous waste handler', 'toxic material remover', 'contamination removal technician', 'hazmat technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['hazardous', 'materials', 'material', 'transportation', 'act', 'equipment', 'under', 'tendency', 'regulations', 'others', 'waste', 'secretary', 'safety', 'requirements', 'person', 'procedures', 'disposal', 'packaging', 'package', 'commerce']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
hazardous                 139  0.02774  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  dwas:9%  onet_tasks:4%
materials                  86  0.01716  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:12%  inference:12%
material                   67  0.01337  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_dimensions:4%  onet_tasks:3%
transportation             65  0.01297  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_dimensions:2%  inference:2%
act                        50  0.00998  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
equipment                  43  0.00858  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  dwas:14%  onet_tasks:12%
under                      42  0.00838  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_dimensions:7%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.00838  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
regulations                39  0.00778  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:8%  onet_dimensions:5%
others                     38  0.00758  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
waste                      36  0.00718  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  dwas:31%  onet_tasks:22%
secretary                  36  0.00718  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
safety                     33  0.00659  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:3%
requirements               33  0.00659  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:3%  inference:3%
person                     27  0.00539  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_dimensions:11%
procedures                 22  0.00439  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:36%  onet_tasks:9%
disposal                   21  0.00419  dwas                 dwas:52%  onet_tasks:24%  wikipedia:14%
packaging                  21  0.00419  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
package                    19  0.00379  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_tasks:11%
commerce                   17  0.00339  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
principles                 16  0.00319  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
includes                   16  0.00319  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:19%  inference:6%
processing                 16  0.00319  dwas                 dwas:69%  onet_dimensions:25%  wikipedia:6%
lead                       15  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:20%
rules                      15  0.00299  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  wikipedia:47%
control                    15  0.00299  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
electronic                 15  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:33%
response                   15  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:33%
hazmat                     15  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:20%
environmental              14  0.00279  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:36%  dwas:14%
hmta                       14  0.00279  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
states                     14  0.00279  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
asbestos                   13  0.00259  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  inference:38%  onet_tasks:15%
techniques                 13  0.00259  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  wikipedia:15%  onet_tasks:8%
public                     13  0.00259  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_dimensions:31%  inference:8%
activities                 13  0.00259  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:15%  dwas:8%
transporting               13  0.00259  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
special                    13  0.00259  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
permit                     13  0.00259  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
monitoring                 12  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:8%