[Core] [70% incumbents] Drive trucks to transport crews and equipment to work sites.
  DWAs: Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Erect, install, or repair guardrails, road shoulders, berms, highway markers, warning signals, and highway lighting, using hand tools and power tools.
  DWAs: Install fencing or other barriers.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Clean and clear debris from culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, ditches, and other drain structures.
  DWAs: Remove debris or vegetation from work sites.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Drive heavy equipment and vehicles with adjustable attachments to sweep debris from paved surfaces, mow grass and weeds, remove snow and ice, and spread salt and sand.
  DWAs: Operate equipment or vehicles to clear construction sites or move materials.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Haul and spread sand, gravel, and clay to fill washouts and repair road shoulders.
  DWAs: Spread sand, dirt or other loose materials onto surfaces. | Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Measure and mark locations for installation of markers, using tape, string, or chalk.
  DWAs: Measure work site dimensions. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Paint traffic control lines and place pavement traffic messages, by hand or using machines.
  DWAs: Apply paint to surfaces.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Apply oil to road surfaces, using sprayers.
  DWAs: Operate road-surfacing equipment.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Inspect markers to verify accurate installation.
  DWAs: Inspect completed work to ensure proper installation.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Set out signs and cones around work areas to divert traffic.
  DWAs: Direct vehicle traffic.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Flag motorists to warn them of obstacles or repair work ahead.
  DWAs: Direct vehicle traffic.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Perform preventative maintenance on vehicles and heavy equipment.
  DWAs: Maintain mechanical equipment.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Inspect, clean, and repair drainage systems, bridges, tunnels, and other structures.
  DWAs: Inspect industrial or commercial equipment to ensure proper operation. | Clean equipment or facilities. | Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Remove litter and debris from roadways, including debris from rock and mud slides.
  DWAs: Remove debris or vegetation from work sites.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Dump, spread, and tamp asphalt, using pneumatic tampers, to repair joints and patch broken pavement.
  DWAs: Pour materials into or on designated areas. | Compact materials to create level bases. | Spread concrete or other aggregate mixtures.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Perform roadside landscaping work, such as clearing weeds and brush, and planting and trimming trees.
  DWAs: Remove debris or vegetation from work sites.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Apply poisons along roadsides and in animal burrows to eliminate unwanted roadside vegetation and rodents.
  DWAs: Treat greenery or surfaces with protective substances.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Place and remove snow fences used to prevent the accumulation of drifting snow on highways.
  DWAs: Install fencing or other barriers. | Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.

[Supplemental] [69% incumbents] Blend compounds to form adhesive mixtures used for marker installation.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities.

--- SKILLS ---
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Listening (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Public Safety and Security (imp:4.23 lvl:4.44) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  English Language (imp:3.51 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Transportation (imp:3.26 lvl:3.34) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Building and Construction (imp:3.21 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Education and Training (imp:3.03 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administration and Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mechanical (imp:2.99 lvl:4.19) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.95 lvl:4.41) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.87 lvl:3.66) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mathematics (imp:2.80 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Production and Processing (imp:2.62 lvl:3.17) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:2.58 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Geography (imp:2.53 lvl:1.88) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Law and Government (imp:2.35 lvl:2.17) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Communications and Media (imp:2.31 lvl:2.55) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.29 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.27 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Telecommunications (imp:2.27 lvl:1.86) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Chemistry (imp:2.20 lvl:2.67) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Psychology (imp:2.18 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Administrative (imp:2.13 lvl:2.26) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Physics (imp:2.08 lvl:2.11) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.01 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Biology (imp:1.97 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.84) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.64 lvl:1.11) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.58) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.53 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.51) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  History and Archeology (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.33) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.32) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Control Precision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Static Strength (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Near Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Auditory Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Response Orientation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Stamina (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Rate Control (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Depth Perception (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Written Expression (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Sound Localization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Night Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.39 lvl:5.41) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.38 lvl:5.35) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.26 lvl:5.55) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.24 lvl:4.42) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Getting Information (imp:4.15 lvl:3.21) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.04 lvl:4.85) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.03 lvl:4.70) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.01 lvl:3.62) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.94 lvl:4.60) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.91 lvl:4.58) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.84 lvl:4.74) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.81 lvl:4.33) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.80 lvl:3.35) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.74 lvl:4.57) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.72 lvl:3.58) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.68 lvl:3.02) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.68 lvl:4.68) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.60 lvl:4.48) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.45 lvl:3.73) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.41 lvl:3.23) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.34 lvl:3.70) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.33 lvl:3.49) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.32 lvl:4.04) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.29 lvl:3.47) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.23 lvl:3.89) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.11 lvl:3.12) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.10 lvl:3.52) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.07 lvl:3.27) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Processing Information (imp:3.06 lvl:3.57) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Working with Computers (imp:3.01 lvl:2.89) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.97 lvl:3.32) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.97 lvl:2.99) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.93 lvl:2.47) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.91 lvl:3.07) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.88 lvl:3.10) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.85 lvl:2.97) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.78 lvl:3.31) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.74 lvl:2.73) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.71 lvl:2.47) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.19 lvl:1.88) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.53) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.76) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.46) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.38) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.20) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Dependability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Self-Control (imp:1.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Integrity (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.94) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.66) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:0.59) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.52) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Optimism (imp:0.52) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Sincerity (imp:0.14) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy (imp:0.02) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.09) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.11) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Humility (imp:-0.16) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.37) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.50) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operation and Control (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.50 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Repairing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Installation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 154,960
  annual_median    : $50,260
  annual_pct10     : $36,230
  annual_pct25     : $43,500
  annual_pct75     : $61,040
  annual_pct90     : $71,970
  annual_mean      : $53,080
  hourly_median    : $24.16

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Oregon ($65,330)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($21,840)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.991x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (50 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  148,690  median: $  50,450
  Construction                             emp:    4,290  median: $  49,210
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,350  median: $  37,340
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      280  median: $  39,280
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:       80  median: $  48,660

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  148,690  median: $  50,450
  Construction                             emp:    4,290  median: $  49,210
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,350  median: $  37,340
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      280  median: $  39,280
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:       80  median: $  48,660

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Baker Highway Maintenance Station
match_score        : 0.7000
wikidata_qid       : Q85744977
word_count         : 203
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Highway_Maintenance_Station
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:46:47.423822Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
The Baker Highway Maintenance Station, in Tuolumne County, California near Strawberry, California, was built in 1931.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The listing included 11 contributing buildings and a contributing object on 5.8 acres (2.3 ha).
It is located at 33950 California State Route 108.
It is a remote compound that housed workers and machinery who maintained the high elevation portion of the trans-Sierra, Sonora-Mono Highway, west of the Sierra Nevada crest.  According to its National Register nomination, "Baker's place in the history of the development of California's highway and highway maintenance system is evidenced in three major ways: Its remote, montane, forested setting, adjacent to the highway it served; in its simple, basic materials of wood and corrugated metal; and in its site design and underlying social geography that separated work and residential areas and distanced the superintendent's from the other residential buildings."
Architect: California Department of Public Works; California Division of Highways
Architecture: Bungalow/craftsman, Wooden cabin
It may also have been referred to as the Baker Station Historic District, and it has designations CA-Tou-55-0016H; P-55-006760; and FS 05-16-53-0571.
The station is now used as the High Sierra Institute of Columbia College?


== References ==

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Greg Packer (similarity: 0.3158)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Packer
  QID: Q5606093
  Extract: Gregory F. Packer is a retired American highway maintenance worker from Huntington, New York, best known for frequently being quoted as a "man on the street" in newspapers, magazines and television broadcasts from 1995 to the present. He has been quoted in hundreds of articles and television broadca

  Title: Road (similarity: 0.0645)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road
  QID: Q34442
  Extract: A road is a thoroughfare from one place to another, primarily used for movement of traffic. Many roads are paved.

  Title: Three Valley Gap (similarity: 0.2326)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Valley_Gap
  QID: Q7797889
  Extract: Three Valley Gap is an unincorporated community at the eastern end of Three Valley Lake in the Shuswap Country region of southeastern British Columbia. On BC Highway 1, the locality is by road about 21 kilometres (13 mi) southwest of Revelstoke, and 51 kilometres (32 mi) northeast of Sicamous.

  Title: Highway engineering (similarity: 0.5652)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_engineering
  QID: Q2349677
  Extract: Highway engineering is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels. Highway engineering became pro

  Title: EO (similarity: 0.1379)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EO
  QID: Q116874
  Extract: Eo or EO may refer to:

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed task descriptions, wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear skill/knowledge profiles that distinguish this role from related occupations.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:52:25.184873+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,766
tokens_output        : 4,359
cost_usd             : $0.047939
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : Baker Highway Maintenance Station
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match refers to a historic maintenance facility rather than the occupation itself, providing limited occupational context. The semantic neighbor 'Highway engineering' offers more relevant professional context for the broader highway maintenance field.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Highway Maintenance Workers are essential infrastructure professionals who maintain and repair highways, municipal roads, airport runways, and rights-of-way to ensure safe transportation networks. They perform diverse tasks including patching pavement, repairing guardrails and highway markers, snow removal, vegetation management, and traffic control. These workers serve as the backbone of public road maintenance, directly supporting public safety through their dependable work in all weather conditions.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day begins with driving trucks to transport crews and equipment to work sites, followed by inspecting road conditions and planning repair priorities. Workers operate heavy equipment to sweep debris, mow grass, and clear drainage structures like culverts and catch basins. They measure and mark locations for guardrail installation, apply paint for traffic control lines, and spread materials like sand and gravel for road shoulder repairs. Throughout the day, they set up traffic control signs and cones to ensure work zone safety while communicating with supervisors and team members to coordinate activities. The work requires constant attention to public safety protocols and precise operation of various mechanized equipment.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role demonstrate strong realistic traits, preferring hands-on work with tangible results and mechanical systems. They possess excellent dependability and stress tolerance, crucial for working in high-traffic environments and adverse weather conditions. Successful workers have good multilimb coordination and control precision for operating heavy equipment safely, combined with problem sensitivity to identify potential safety hazards. They thrive on routine work that directly benefits their community and can work effectively both independently and as part of a crew, maintaining focus during repetitive tasks while staying alert to changing road conditions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most highway maintenance workers enter the field with a high school diploma or equivalent (88.3% of workers), though some positions accept workers without a high school diploma (5.2%). Entry-level workers typically receive on-the-job training in equipment operation, safety protocols, and road maintenance procedures. Some employers prefer candidates with prior construction or equipment operation experience, and obtaining a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is often required or beneficial for advancement.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement often leads to supervisory positions such as crew leader or maintenance foreman, overseeing larger teams and more complex projects. Experienced workers may specialize in specific equipment operation, becoming operators of heavy construction equipment or advancing to roles in highway construction. Some transition to related fields like general construction, equipment maintenance, or move into municipal public works departments with broader infrastructure responsibilities.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Highway maintenance workers earn a median annual wage of $50,260 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with wages ranging from $36,230 to $71,970 across experience levels. Employment of 154,960 workers is concentrated heavily in government sectors (148,690 positions), providing stable employment with public sector benefits. Geographic wage variation is significant, with Oregon offering the highest wages at $65,330 compared to Puerto Rico's $21,840, reflecting regional cost of living and infrastructure investment differences. Demand remains steady due to ongoing infrastructure maintenance needs and federal infrastructure investment, though employment growth may be moderate due to technology adoption in road maintenance.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Highway maintenance work faces moderate automation risk in specific task areas but requires human judgment and adaptability that machines cannot fully replicate. While equipment continues to become more sophisticated for tasks like line painting and snow removal, workers still need to operate these machines, assess road conditions, and make safety decisions in dynamic traffic environments. The interpersonal aspects of coordinating with team members and managing public interactions during road work remain fundamentally human activities.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators (47-2073.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top transferable skills in Operation and Control (3.6 importance) and Operations Monitoring (3.5 importance) for equipment operation.
    data: Operation and Control skill overlap
    data: Heavy equipment operation in both roles
    data: Construction industry crossover
  [task_similarity] Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators (47-2071.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Highway maintenance workers apply oil to road surfaces using sprayers and repair pavement, directly overlapping with paving operations expertise.
    data: Road surfacing equipment operation
    data: Pavement repair activities
    data: Realistic RIASEC orientation
  [riasec_cluster] Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators (47-4061.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations share strong Realistic orientation (R:7.00) and involve maintenance of transportation infrastructure with similar equipment operation requirements.
    data: High Realistic RIASEC scores
    data: Transportation infrastructure maintenance
    data: Equipment operation focus
  [knowledge_overlap] Maintenance and Repair Workers, General (49-9071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require Building and Construction knowledge (3.2 importance for highway workers) and Mechanical knowledge (3.0 importance) for infrastructure maintenance.
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
    data: Mechanical knowledge requirements
    data: Infrastructure maintenance focus
  [career_pathway] Construction Laborers (47-2061.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Highway maintenance work serves as a specialized pathway from general construction labor, sharing Job Zone 2 preparation level and construction industry experience.
    data: Job Zone 2 classification
    data: Construction industry background
    data: Equipment operation progression
  [transferable_skill] Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators (53-7051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Highway workers drive trucks to transport crews and equipment, utilizing similar vehicle operation skills and coordination abilities (3.1 importance).
    data: Truck driving responsibilities
    data: Equipment transportation
    data: Coordination skill overlap

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['highway maintenance', 'road maintenance', 'highway worker', 'pavement repair', 'guardrail repair', 'traffic control', 'snow plow', 'road crew']
  exclude_keywords : ['highway patrol', 'traffic enforcement', 'road construction', 'civil engineer', 'transportation planner']
  title_patterns   : ['Highway Maintenance Worker', 'Highway Maintainer', 'Highway Technician', 'Road Maintenance Worker', 'Highway Crew Worker']
  common_variations: ['Highway Maintenance Technician', 'Highway Worker', 'Road Worker', 'Highway Crew Member', 'Maintenance Technician', 'Highway Maintainer', 'Road Maintenance Crew', 'Highway Tech']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['equipment', 'tendency', 'others', 'highway', 'maintenance', 'materials', 'control', 'principles', 'road', 'traffic', 'public', 'design', 'includes', 'activities', 'objects', 'ideas', 'structures', 'machines', 'construction', 'techniques']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
equipment                  43  0.01491  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  inference:23%  dwas:16%
tendency                   42  0.01456  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
highway                    23  0.00797  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  inference:35%  onet_tasks:9%
maintenance                22  0.00763  inference            inference:55%  wikipedia:23%  onet_dimensions:18%
materials                  19  0.00659  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  dwas:32%  wikipedia:11%
control                    17  0.00590  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  inference:24%  onet_tasks:6%
principles                 16  0.00555  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
road                       15  0.00520  inference            inference:53%  onet_tasks:20%  wikipedia:13%
traffic                    12  0.00416  inference            inference:42%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:17%
public                     12  0.00416  inference            inference:50%  onet_dimensions:33%  wikipedia:17%
design                     12  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:50%
includes                   12  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  inference:17%  dwas:8%
objects                    12  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
ideas                      11  0.00381  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
structures                 10  0.00347  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:20%  dwas:20%
machines                   10  0.00347  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
construction               10  0.00347  inference            inference:40%  dwas:30%  onet_dimensions:20%
techniques                 10  0.00347  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00347  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
repair                      9  0.00312  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:56%  onet_dimensions:22%  inference:22%
hand                        9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:22%
problems                    9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                       9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
procedures                  9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
human                       9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
providing                   9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
standards                   9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
engineering                 9  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:22%  inference:11%
needed                      9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  dwas:22%
quickly                     9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
debris                      8  0.00277  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  dwas:38%  inference:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00277  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problem                     8  0.00277  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
rules                       8  0.00277  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                  8  0.00277  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
production                  8  0.00277  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%