[Core] [56% incumbents] Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.
  DWAs: Test electrical circuits or components for proper functioning.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.
  DWAs: Adjust equipment to ensure optimal performance.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.
  DWAs: Measure distances or dimensions. | Cut materials according to specifications or needs.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.
  DWAs: Document operational activities.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.
  DWAs: Advise others on issues related to repairs, installation, or equipment design.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.
  DWAs: Adjust equipment to ensure optimal performance. | Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.
  DWAs: Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.
  DWAs: Braze metal parts or components.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.
  DWAs: Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.
  DWAs: Install machine or equipment replacement parts.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.
  DWAs: Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions.
  DWAs: Maintain repair or maintenance records.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.
  DWAs: Install home appliances. | Travel to work sites to perform installation, repair or maintenance work. | Order materials, supplies, or equipment.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock.
  DWAs: Schedule repair, installation or maintenance activities.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Supervise and instruct assistants.
  DWAs: Train others in operational procedures. | Supervise employees.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.
  DWAs: Lay out work according to specifications.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.
  DWAs: Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.
  DWAs: Service heating, ventilation or air-conditioning (HVAC) systems or components. | Replace worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts. | Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.
  DWAs: Drill holes in parts, equipment, or materials.

[Supplemental] [53% incumbents] Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.
  DWAs: Install energy-efficient heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment. | Service heating, ventilation or air-conditioning (HVAC) systems or components.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.
  DWAs: Determine operational compliance with regulations or standards.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.
  DWAs: Interpret blueprints, specifications, or diagrams to inform installation, development or operation activities.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.
  DWAs: Confer with customers or users to assess problems.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.
  DWAs: Inspect systems to determine if they are operating properly.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.
  DWAs: Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.
  DWAs: Install energy-efficient heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment. | Service heating, ventilation or air-conditioning (HVAC) systems or components.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.
  DWAs: Connect electrical components or equipment.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.
  DWAs: Install energy-efficient heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

[None] Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants.
  DWAs: Service heating, ventilation or air-conditioning (HVAC) systems or components. | Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

[None] Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks.
  DWAs: Test mechanical systems to ensure proper functioning.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Mechanical (imp:4.67 lvl:5.93) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Building and Construction (imp:4.18 lvl:4.97) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.03 lvl:4.85) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.49 lvl:4.34) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.29 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  English Language (imp:3.27 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.24 lvl:3.58) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Design (imp:3.17 lvl:4.05) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:3.17 lvl:4.01) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mathematics (imp:3.14 lvl:4.06) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administration and Management (imp:3.11 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Education and Training (imp:3.10 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Transportation (imp:2.86 lvl:2.83) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Chemistry (imp:2.77 lvl:3.49) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.65 lvl:3.02) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administrative (imp:2.44 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Telecommunications (imp:2.44 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Law and Government (imp:2.38 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Production and Processing (imp:2.23 lvl:2.40) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.99 lvl:1.72) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Communications and Media (imp:1.90 lvl:1.93) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Food Production (imp:1.89 lvl:1.88) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Psychology (imp:1.88 lvl:1.97) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.85 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Biology (imp:1.58 lvl:1.24) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Foreign Language (imp:1.57 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Geography (imp:1.56 lvl:1.11) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.49 lvl:1.03) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.44 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  History and Archeology (imp:1.33) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.24 lvl:0.79) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.20 lvl:0.56) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.38) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Visualization (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Control Precision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Static Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Written Expression (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Reaction Time (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Stamina (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Response Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Night Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.10 lvl:3.04) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.08 lvl:4.54) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.04 lvl:3.44) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.03 lvl:3.37) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.01 lvl:5.22) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.86 lvl:3.25) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.76 lvl:3.95) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.73 lvl:3.18) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.73 lvl:2.96) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.70 lvl:3.73) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.65 lvl:3.72) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.64 lvl:3.26) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.61 lvl:4.02) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.57 lvl:3.89) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Processing Information (imp:3.49 lvl:3.38) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.46 lvl:3.39) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.43 lvl:3.28) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.42 lvl:2.85) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.38 lvl:3.08) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.34 lvl:3.62) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.33 lvl:3.10) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.32 lvl:3.62) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.26 lvl:2.53) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.26 lvl:2.80) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.25 lvl:2.65) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.24 lvl:2.84) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.20 lvl:2.47) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.17 lvl:2.92) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.17 lvl:3.71) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.15 lvl:2.51) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.97 lvl:2.49) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.92 lvl:2.43) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.91 lvl:2.96) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.90 lvl:2.51) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.86 lvl:2.54) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.85 lvl:2.31) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.80 lvl:2.54) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Working with Computers (imp:2.72 lvl:2.30) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.70 lvl:2.80) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.24 lvl:1.46) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.20 lvl:1.19) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.06) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Integrity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.49) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.25) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Adaptability (imp:1.19) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.16) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.08) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.97) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:0.95) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.92) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:0.74) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.52) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation (imp:0.45) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.38) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.33) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:0.29) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.16) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.11) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Installation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Repairing (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Equipment Selection (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 409,670
  annual_median    : $61,010
  annual_pct10     : $40,050
  annual_pct25     : $48,360
  annual_pct75     : $77,060
  annual_pct90     : $95,210
  annual_mean      : $64,780
  hourly_median    : $29.33

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($84,390)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($31,480)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.681x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  310,000  median: $  60,070
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   14,990  median: $  71,190
  Retail Trade                             emp:   11,210  median: $  62,830
  Educational Services                     emp:   10,970  median: $  62,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   10,420  median: $  74,550
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,350  median: $  65,670
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:   10,200  median: $  61,290
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    9,560  median: $  61,150
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    5,480  median: $  67,420
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    3,640  median: $  68,620

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (19 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  310,000  median: $  60,070
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   14,990  median: $  71,190
  Retail Trade                             emp:   11,210  median: $  62,830
  Educational Services                     emp:   10,970  median: $  62,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   10,420  median: $  74,550
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,350  median: $  65,670
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:   10,200  median: $  61,290
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    9,560  median: $  61,150
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    5,480  median: $  67,420
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    3,640  median: $  68,620

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:57:32.705920Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (similarity: 0.4505)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating%2C_ventilation%2C_and_air_conditioning
  QID: Q1798773
  Extract: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems regulate temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, and in enclosed vehicles. They are designed to provide thermal comfort and to control airborne contaminants through heating, cooling, ventil

  Title: Automotive air conditioning (similarity: 0.4167)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning
  QID: Q360053
  Extract: Automotive air conditioning systems use air conditioning to cool the air in a vehicle.

  Title: Air conditioning (similarity: 0.3765)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning
  QID: Q173725
  Extract: Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C (US) or air con (UK), is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature and, in some cases, controlling the humidity of internal air. Air conditioning can be achieved using a mechanical 'air conditione

  Title: Packaged terminal air conditioner (similarity: 0.3922)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner
  QID: Q7122895
  Extract: A packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC) is a type of self-contained heating and air conditioning system intended to be mounted through a wall. The first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit was invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors. It entered the market in 1935, and was designed to f

  Title: Heat exchanger (similarity: 0.2892)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger
  QID: Q189124
  Extract: A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeratio

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Comprehensive O*NET data provides detailed task descriptions, skills, and knowledge requirements. BLS wage data offers precise employment and compensation statistics. Strong confidence in occupation definition and characteristics.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T00:38:03.921958+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,812
tokens_output        : 4,566
cost_usd             : $0.051239
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found, but the occupation relates closely to the broader field of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The semantic neighbor 'Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning' provides relevant context about the systems these workers install and maintain.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers install, maintain, and repair HVAC systems and refrigeration equipment in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. They diagnose problems using electrical testing equipment, perform mechanical overhauls, and ensure systems operate efficiently according to manufacturer specifications. This skilled trade requires strong mechanical knowledge, troubleshooting abilities, and the physical dexterity to work with complex heating and cooling systems.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves testing electrical circuits using diagnostic equipment to identify system malfunctions and ensure proper continuity. They measure, cut, and thread pipe or tubing using specialized tools, then braze or solder components to repair leaks and defective joints. Much of their time is spent installing and adjusting thermostats, control valves, and auxiliary components like expansion valves and ductwork. They document their work thoroughly, recording materials used, defects found, and maintenance performed on detailed work orders. The role requires both preventive maintenance tasks like cleaning and power-washing equipment, as well as emergency repair calls to restore heating or cooling systems.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this field possess strong mechanical aptitude and enjoy working with complex systems that require both diagnostic thinking and hands-on problem solving. They have excellent visual acuity and color discrimination abilities, essential for reading electrical diagrams and identifying component issues. The work appeals to those who are highly dependable and detail-oriented, as system safety and efficiency depend on precise installation and careful adherence to manufacturer specifications. People who thrive tend to be physically capable of handling demanding work environments, comfortable with both indoor and outdoor settings, and able to work independently while maintaining strong customer service skills when interacting with clients about their heating and cooling needs.

CAREER ENTRY:
The field typically requires completion of a post-secondary certificate program focused on HVAC technology, which 68.1% of workers obtain through vocational schools or community colleges. These programs cover refrigeration principles, electrical systems, and hands-on equipment training. Some workers enter with only a high school diploma and learn through apprenticeships or on-the-job training. Entry-level positions often begin with basic installation and maintenance tasks under supervision, with workers gradually taking on more complex diagnostic and repair responsibilities as they gain experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced technicians can advance to supervisory roles, overseeing installation crews or managing service departments for HVAC contractors. Many pursue specialized certifications in areas like commercial refrigeration, geothermal systems, or solar thermal installations, which command higher wages and open niche market opportunities. Some establish their own HVAC service businesses, leveraging their technical expertise and customer relationships built over years in the field. The skills also transfer well to related mechanical trades like industrial machinery maintenance or power plant operations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, the field employs 409,670 workers nationwide with a median annual wage of $61,010, ranging from $40,050 at the 10th percentile to $95,210 at the 90th percentile. Geographic wage variation is significant, with the District of Columbia paying the highest at $84,390 annually while Puerto Rico offers the lowest at $31,480, representing a 2.68x ratio difference. The construction industry dominates employment with 310,000 workers, followed by wholesale trade (14,990) and retail trade (11,210). Job growth prospects remain strong due to ongoing construction activity and the need to replace aging HVAC systems with more energy-efficient models. Demand is particularly robust in warmer climates where air conditioning is essential and in regions experiencing population growth.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The hands-on nature of HVAC installation and repair work provides strong protection against automation, as the job requires physical dexterity for handling equipment, crawling through confined spaces, and making field adjustments to complex mechanical systems. While diagnostic tools are becoming more sophisticated, the troubleshooting process still requires human judgment to interpret symptoms, access hard-to-reach components, and adapt solutions to unique building configurations that automated systems cannot easily navigate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters (47-2152.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical pipe fitting skills, with HVAC mechanics measuring, cutting, and threading pipe using similar tools and techniques.
    data: Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools
    data: Building and Construction knowledge (imp:4.2)
  [knowledge_overlap] Industrial Machinery Mechanics (49-9041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations require strong mechanical knowledge (imp:4.7) and troubleshooting abilities (imp:3.5) for diagnosing and repairing complex equipment.
    data: Mechanical knowledge (imp:4.7, lvl:5.9)
    data: Troubleshooting (imp:3.5, lvl:3.5)
    data: Operations Monitoring (imp:3.6, lvl:3.8)
  [career_pathway] Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians (47-2152.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Solar thermal work represents a natural specialization for HVAC mechanics, building on existing heating system knowledge and installation skills.
    data: Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge (imp:3.5, lvl:4.3)
  [task_similarity] Control and Valve Installers and Repairers (49-9012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve installing and adjusting control systems, with HVAC mechanics regularly working with expansion valves, control valves, and thermostats.
    data: Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches
    data: Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers
  [riasec_cluster] Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators (51-8021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations cluster in the Realistic domain (R:6.96) and involve monitoring and maintaining mechanical heating systems in buildings.
    data: RIASEC R:6.96
    data: Mechanical knowledge (imp:4.7)
    data: Operations Monitoring (imp:3.6)
  [skill_overlap] Home Appliance Repairers (49-9031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require electrical circuit testing skills and the ability to repair heating appliances using similar diagnostic and repair techniques.
    data: Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment
    data: Repairing (imp:3.4, lvl:3.8)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['hvac', 'heating', 'air conditioning', 'refrigeration', 'hvac technician', 'hvac mechanic', 'hvac installer', 'cooling technician']
  exclude_keywords : ['plumber', 'electrician', 'boilermaker', 'appliance repair', 'automotive']
  title_patterns   : ['hvac', 'air conditioning', 'heating', 'refrigeration', 'cooling']
  common_variations: ['hvac tech', 'ac technician', 'heating technician', 'refrigeration mechanic', 'hvac specialist', 'cooling specialist', 'climate control technician', 'environmental systems technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['equipment', 'air', 'tendency', 'others', 'heating', 'conditioning', 'hvac', 'mechanical', 'components', 'install', 'repair', 'principles', 'ventilation', 'materials', 'control', 'maintenance', 'heat', 'electrical', 'procedures', 'problems']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
equipment                  55  0.01750  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:20%
air                        44  0.01400  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:14%
tendency                   42  0.01336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:5%
heating                    28  0.00891  dwas                 dwas:39%  wikipedia:21%  inference:21%
conditioning               27  0.00859  dwas                 dwas:41%  wikipedia:37%  inference:15%
hvac                       22  0.00700  dwas                 dwas:50%  inference:27%  wikipedia:18%
mechanical                 20  0.00636  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%  inference:25%
components                 19  0.00605  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:47%  dwas:37%  inference:16%
install                    19  0.00605  dwas                 dwas:47%  onet_tasks:42%  inference:11%
repair                     18  0.00573  dwas                 dwas:33%  onet_tasks:28%  inference:28%
principles                 18  0.00573  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:6%  inference:6%
ventilation                17  0.00541  dwas                 dwas:65%  wikipedia:24%  inference:12%
materials                  16  0.00509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  dwas:19%  onet_tasks:12%
control                    16  0.00509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:12%  onet_tasks:6%
maintenance                14  0.00445  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:29%  inference:29%  dwas:21%
heat                       13  0.00414  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_tasks:15%
electrical                 12  0.00382  inference            inference:33%  onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:17%
procedures                 12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:8%
problems                   12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
includes                   12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:25%
installation               11  0.00350  dwas                 dwas:36%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:18%
design                     11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  wikipedia:27%  onet_tasks:9%
techniques                 11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
tools                      10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:20%
cooling                    10  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:30%
standards                  10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  dwas:10%
service                    10  0.00318  dwas                 dwas:40%  inference:30%  onet_dimensions:20%
performance                10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:20%  wikipedia:10%
needs                      10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:10%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                        9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:22%
specifications              9  0.00286  dwas                 dwas:33%  onet_tasks:22%  onet_dimensions:22%
resources                   9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
identifying                 9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%