[Core] [95% incumbents] Measure signal strength at utility poles, using electronic test equipment.
  DWAs: Measure equipment outputs.

[Core] [95% incumbents] Access specific areas to string lines, or install terminal boxes, auxiliary equipment, or appliances, using bucket trucks, climbing poles or ladders, or entering tunnels, trenches, or crawl spaces.
  DWAs: Climb equipment or structures to access work areas.

[Core] [95% incumbents] Clean or maintain tools or test equipment.
  DWAs: Clean equipment, parts, or tools to repair or maintain them in good working order. | Maintain work equipment or machinery.

[Core] [95% incumbents] Pull cable through ducts by hand or with winches.
  DWAs: Lay cables to connect equipment.

[Core] [95% incumbents] Dig trenches for underground wires or cables.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches.

[Core] [94% incumbents] Set up service for customers, installing, connecting, testing, or adjusting equipment.
  DWAs: Test communications equipment to ensure proper functioning. | Adjust equipment to ensure optimal performance. | Install audio or communications equipment.

[Core] [94% incumbents] Travel to customers' premises to install, maintain, or repair audio and visual electronic reception equipment or accessories.
  DWAs: Travel to work sites to perform installation, repair or maintenance work.

[Core] [94% incumbents] Inspect or test lines or cables, recording and analyzing test results, to assess transmission characteristics and locate faults or malfunctions.
  DWAs: Inspect telecommunications equipment to identify problems. | Analyze test or performance data to assess equipment operation.

[Core] [94% incumbents] Splice cables, using hand tools, epoxy, or mechanical equipment.
  DWAs: Connect electrical components or equipment.

[Core] [94% incumbents] String cables between structures and lines from poles, towers, or trenches, and pull lines to proper tension.
  DWAs: Lay cables to connect equipment.

[Core] [94% incumbents] Pull up cable by hand from large reels mounted on trucks.
  DWAs: Lay cables to connect equipment.

[Supplemental] [94% incumbents] Place insulation over conductors, or seal splices with moisture-proof covering.
  DWAs: Install insulation in equipment or structures.

[Supplemental] [94% incumbents] Compute impedance of wires from poles to houses to determine additional resistance needed for reducing signals to desired levels.
  DWAs: Calculate requirements for equipment installation or repair projects.

[Supplemental] [94% incumbents] Install equipment such as amplifiers or repeaters to maintain the strength of communications transmissions.
  DWAs: Install audio or communications equipment.

[Supplemental] [94% incumbents] Dig holes for power poles, using power augers or shovels, set poles in place with cranes, and hoist poles upright, using winches.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches. | Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [93% incumbents] Lay underground cable directly in trenches, or string it through conduits running through trenches.
  DWAs: Lay cables to connect equipment.

[Supplemental] [93% incumbents] Explain cable service to subscribers after installation, and collect any installation fees due.
  DWAs: Explain use of products or services. | Collect payments for goods or services.

[Supplemental] [93% incumbents] Use a variety of construction equipment to complete installations, such as digger derricks, trenchers, or cable plows.
  DWAs: Move large objects using heavy equipment.

[Supplemental] [93% incumbents] Fill and tamp holes, using cement, earth, and tamping devices.
  DWAs: Compact materials to create level bases.

[EMERGING:Revision] Set up service for customers, installing, connecting, testing, or adjusting equipment, such as digital subscriber line modems.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Telecommunications (imp:4.49 lvl:5.54) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.39 lvl:4.35) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  English Language (imp:3.74 lvl:3.78) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.39 lvl:3.63) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.26 lvl:3.96) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mechanical (imp:3.22 lvl:3.47) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Education and Training (imp:3.19 lvl:3.60) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Communications and Media (imp:3.14 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administration and Management (imp:2.92 lvl:2.71) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.86 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mathematics (imp:2.74 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Design (imp:2.73 lvl:2.98) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Production and Processing (imp:2.70 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.68 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Transportation (imp:2.66 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Building and Construction (imp:2.62 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.24 lvl:1.72) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:2.12 lvl:1.87) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Law and Government (imp:1.89 lvl:1.15) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Geography (imp:1.88 lvl:1.37) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Physics (imp:1.83 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Psychology (imp:1.78 lvl:1.08) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.77 lvl:0.92) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Chemistry (imp:1.67 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Foreign Language (imp:1.47) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.44 lvl:0.79) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.22) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.20) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Biology (imp:1.16 lvl:0.24) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  History and Archeology (imp:1.16) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Food Production (imp:1.07) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.38) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Visualization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Static Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Speech Recognition (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:3.25) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Response Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Night Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.43 lvl:5.76) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.20 lvl:3.23) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.03 lvl:3.56) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.01 lvl:4.75) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.99 lvl:3.33) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.90 lvl:4.30) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.88 lvl:4.37) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Working with Computers (imp:3.88 lvl:2.89) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.84 lvl:3.40) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.82 lvl:3.35) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Getting Information (imp:3.79 lvl:3.40) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.72 lvl:3.70) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.68 lvl:3.39) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.57 lvl:4.00) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Processing Information (imp:3.54 lvl:3.11) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.51 lvl:3.06) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.49 lvl:3.05) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.45 lvl:3.11) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.41 lvl:2.73) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.41 lvl:3.62) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.39 lvl:2.73) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.34 lvl:4.43) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.33 lvl:3.43) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.29 lvl:3.09) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.28 lvl:3.46) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.13 lvl:2.28) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.12 lvl:2.55) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.11 lvl:2.75) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.05 lvl:2.56) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.01 lvl:2.76) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.00 lvl:1.95) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.99 lvl:2.84) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.97 lvl:2.51) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.91 lvl:2.81) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.81 lvl:2.20) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.78 lvl:2.33) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.73 lvl:2.62) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.53 lvl:2.14) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.46 lvl:1.88) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.23 lvl:1.83) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.87 lvl:1.17) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.39) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.93) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.40) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Integrity (imp:1.08) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.03) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.95) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.92) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.91) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:0.83) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.58) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:0.52) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.32) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.31) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.22) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.13) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.08) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.09) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Operation and Control (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Repairing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Installation (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 97,720
  annual_median    : $74,330
  annual_pct10     : $45,310
  annual_pct25     : $54,310
  annual_pct75     : $95,850
  annual_pct90     : $103,680
  annual_mean      : $73,940
  hourly_median    : $35.73

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Rhode Island ($103,810)
  lowest_state     : Guam ($30,770)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.374x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Information                              emp:   61,040  median: $  82,020
  Construction                             emp:   28,940  median: $  55,480
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    2,490  median: $  57,570
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,660  median: $  68,330
  Utilities                                emp:    1,420  median: $  81,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,390  median: $  49,580
  Manufacturing                            emp:      290  median: $  61,580
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      140  median: $  84,840
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      110  median: $  58,600
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  60,890

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (10 total) ---
  Information                              emp:   61,040  median: $  82,020
  Construction                             emp:   28,940  median: $  55,480
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    2,490  median: $  57,570
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,660  median: $  68,330
  Utilities                                emp:    1,420  median: $  81,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,390  median: $  49,580
  Manufacturing                            emp:      290  median: $  61,580
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      140  median: $  84,840
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      110  median: $  58,600
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  60,890

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Telecommunications in Malaysia
match_score        : 0.6667
wikidata_qid       : Q5621005
word_count         : 1,324
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:59:00.669712Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Telecommunications in Malaysia fall under the oversight of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). Established under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the MCMC issues licences for broadcasting, postal, and digital signature services, and enforces industry standards nationwide. The commission is also responsible for implementing the regulations set out in the Postal Services Act 2012 and the Digital Signature Act 1997.
At the state level, Sarawak's telecommunications sector is co-regulated by the Sarawak Multimedia Authority (SMA), established under Section 3 of the Sarawak Multimedia Authority Ordinance 2017. Since its establishment, the SMA and MCMC have cooperated on developing and implementing digital economy initiatives and overseeing the rollout of telecommunications infrastructure in Sarawak. In 2022, Sarawak's Ministry of Public Utilities (later renamed the Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication) created a dedicated Telecommunication Division to manage sector reporting directly to the Sarawak Legislative Assembly.


== History ==

For more than a century, Malaysia's telecommunications system has developed from colonial-era telegraph lines into a modern IP-based network. The British colonial administration, present in the region from the 18th century, established the earliest telecommunications facilities. Telegraph services were consolidated under the Posts and Telegraphs Department in the 1800s, with manual magneto-operated telephones introduced in Perak in the 1880s, followed by the establishment of the first public telephone exchange in Ipoh in 1902.
Kuala Lumpur received telephone service in 1891, and at the turn of the century a major telephone line was constructed linking Province Wellesley (Seberang Prai) in Penang to Johor Bahru. In 1915, the first underground cable was laid, connecting the central Perak towns of Taiping, Kampar, and Teluk Anson.
As trade expanded and townships developed, the number of telephone subscribers in Peninsular Malaysia increased substantially. By 1930, an automated magneto exchange was commissioned in Kuala Lumpur on Jalan Weld to accommodate rising call volumes. During the 1930s, all telephone exchanges in the Malayan Trunk System were capable of communicating with exchanges in Java, the Philippines, the United States, Canada, and Mexico through shortwave radio-telephone transmitters. Towards the end of the decade, a Marconi radio terminal was installed at the Kuala Lumpur Telephone Exchange to manage overseas calls.
Much of the telecommunications infrastructure was damaged during World War II and the Japanese occupation. In 1946, after re-establishing their administration in Malaya, the British repaired trunk routes, restored fallen telephone poles, and replaced damaged or stolen copper wires. During the occupation, the Posts and Telegraphs Department had been divided into two separate units. The British initially reunified these entities, but the arrangement was short-lived. With the formation of the Malayan Union on 1 April 1946, the Malaysian Telecommunications Department and Postal Services Department were established; the former managed telegraph, telephone, and wireless services, while the latter handled mail, money orders, and savings accounts.


== Telephones system ==
By 2019, fixed-line telephone subscriptions totalled approximately 6.47 million, while mobile cellular subscriptions reached 44.60 million, corresponding to penetration rates of roughly 20% and 135% respectively. In March 2021, Digital Nasional Berhad was launched to deploy 5G infrastructure, with nationwide 5G coverage expected to reach 80% of populated areas by the end of 2024.


=== Telephone system ===
Domestic communication services in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia are supported by both fixed and wireless infrastructure, including fibre networks, Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line networks, mobile base stations, earth stations, and microwave link stations. Intercity communication (backhaul) in both regions primarily relies on fibre-optic connections and fixed wireless systems such as microwave links. Very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) systems are also used to provide services in rural and remote areas. Major telecommunications operators in Malaysia include CelcomDigi Berhad, Maxis Berhad, U Mobile Sdn Bhd, Telekom Malaysia, YTL Communications, and TIME dotCom.
International connectivity is delivered through submarine cables linked to Tier 1 networks, which can reach all other networks on the Internet via settlement-free interconnection. Major submarine cable providers in Malaysia include Telekom Malaysia and TIME dotCom. Satellite services, operated by MEASAT, provide additional international coverage.


== Broadband ==
Total broadband subscriptions reached 43.378 million in 2019, resulting in a broadband penetration rate of 131.7% per 100 inhabitants.


=== Fixed broadband development ===
In 2019, fixed broadband accounted for 6.79% of the total broadband market, with 2.947 million subscriptions (up from 2.7 million in 2018).
Fixed broadband services are offered through technologies such as Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL), Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line, Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH), satellite broadband, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), and Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO).
The High-Speed Broadband (HSBB) project, introduced in 2008, aimed to enhance broadband quality and enable users in major cities and high-impact economic zones to access speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s. The Suburban Broadband (SUBB) and Rural Broadband (RBB) programmes provide speeds of up to 20 Mbit/s for suburban and rural communities.
On 28 August 2019, the government approved the National Fiberisation and Connectivity Plan (NFCP) for implementation from 2019 to 2023.
The NFCP targeted:

Achieving an entry-level fixed broadband package priced at 1% of GNI by 2020.
Ensuring gigabit availability in selected industrial areas by 2020 and all state capitals by 2023.
Providing 100% availability for premises in state capitals and high-impact areas with speeds of at least 500 Mbit/s by 2021.
Reaching 20% of suburban and rural premises with speeds of up to 500 Mbit/s by 2022.
Achieving fibre network pass-through to 70% of schools, hospitals, libraries, police stations, and post offices by 2022.
Delivering an average speed of 30 Mbit/s in 98% of populated areas by 2023.
Improving mobile coverage along the Pan Borneo Highway upon project completion.


=== Mobile broadband development ===
In 2019, mobile broadband accounted for 93.21% of the total broadband market, with 40.431 million subscriptions as of Q4 2019 (up from 36.8 million in 2018).


==== Upgrading and expansion of network coverage ====
The Time 3 and Time 3 Extension initiatives oversaw the construction of 1,833 new communications towers in rural areas across Malaysia. In addition, 4,895 base stations at existing towers were upgraded from 2G to 3G/4G to support higher broadband speeds in rural regions.


==== Malaysian Submarine Cable System (MSCS) ====
Introduced in 2014 through a public–private partnership between the MCMC and Telekom Malaysia (TM), the MSCS project was completed in 2017. It provides redundancy to existing domestic submarine cable systems, which have been operating since 1995, and was designed to meet increasing bandwidth demand between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia.


==== Submarine Cable System to Islands ====
Launched in 2017 and completed in 2018, this project upgraded communications infrastructure networks and submarine cable systems connecting the mainland with the islands of Perhentian, Tioman, and Pangkor.


=== Broadband service providers ===


== Mobile cellular ==
The major service providers for mobile cellular services in Malaysia are CelcomDigi Berhad, Maxis Berhad, YTL Communications, and U Mobile Sdn Bhd. As of Q4 2019, mobile cellular subscriptions totalled 44.601 milli

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Ringback number (similarity: 0.1905)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringback_number
  QID: Q2106260
  Extract: A ringback number is a telephone number for a telephone line that automatically calls the line that the call was placed from, after the caller has hung up. The typical use of this facility is by telephone company technicians for testing a new installation or for trouble-shooting.

  Title: Network interface device (similarity: 0.3611)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_device
  QID: Q17153996
  Extract: In telecommunications, a network interface device is a device that serves as the demarcation point between the carrier's local loop and the customer's premises wiring. Outdoor telephone NIDs also provide the subscriber with access to the station wiring and serve as a convenient test point for verifi

  Title: Rex 84 (similarity: 0.0741)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_84
  QID: Q3028601
  Extract: Rex 84B, short for Readiness Exercise 1984 Bravo, was a classified scenario and drill developed by the United States federal government to detain large numbers of United States residents deemed to be "national security threats" in the event that the president declared a National Emergency. The scena

  Title: Optical fiber (similarity: 0.2295)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber
  QID: Q162
  Extract: An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other. Such fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communication, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than electrical cables. Fibers are used 

  Title: Traffic cone (similarity: 0.1667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_cone
  QID: Q694547
  Extract: Traffic cones, also called pylons, witches' hats, road cones, highway cones, safety cones, caution cones, channelizing devices, construction cones, roadworks cones, or just cones, are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner. 

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET work activities, comprehensive wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear task descriptions that distinguish this outdoor line work from indoor equipment repair roles.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T00:44:39.123283+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,775
tokens_output        : 4,337
cost_usd             : $0.047205
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No relevant Wikipedia match found. The matched article about Malaysian telecommunications oversight is not applicable to this installation and repair occupation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers install, maintain, and repair telecommunications cables including fiber optic systems to ensure reliable communication infrastructure. They work primarily outdoors climbing poles, digging trenches, and operating specialized equipment to string cables and test signal strength. This physically demanding role is essential for maintaining the backbone of modern telecommunications networks serving homes, businesses, and communities.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
The workday begins with measuring signal strength at utility poles using electronic test equipment to diagnose network issues. Installers use bucket trucks to access elevated work areas for stringing cables between poles, towers, and trenches while pulling lines to proper tension. They dig trenches for underground cables, splice connections using hand tools and mechanical equipment, and pull cables through ducts manually or with winches. Customer service calls involve traveling to premises to install, test, and adjust telecommunications equipment. Throughout the day, they inspect and test lines to assess transmission characteristics and maintain tools and test equipment for optimal performance.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful telecommunications line installers are detail-oriented individuals who thrive in physically demanding outdoor work environments and possess strong mechanical aptitude. They excel at problem-solving and can work independently while maintaining safety consciousness when climbing poles and operating heavy equipment. The role suits those who enjoy hands-on technical work and take pride in maintaining critical infrastructure. Ideal candidates have good communication skills for customer interactions, physical stamina for extensive manual labor, and the patience to troubleshoot complex signal transmission issues.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most positions require only a high school diploma with 59.6% of workers having this education level, making this an accessible skilled trade. Many employers provide on-the-job training or apprenticeships to develop specific telecommunications knowledge and safety procedures. Post-secondary certificates in telecommunications, electronics, or related technical fields can provide competitive advantages, with 14.1% of workers holding such credentials. Entry-level positions typically focus on basic installation tasks under supervision before advancing to independent repair work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced line installers can advance to lead technician roles, supervisory positions, or specialize in complex fiber optic installations and network infrastructure projects. Many transition to related roles such as telecommunications equipment installers working on indoor systems or electrical power-line installers for utility companies. Career progression often leads to training coordination, quality assurance, or field operations management within telecommunications companies. Some pursue additional certifications to work on specialized systems like radio towers or security alarm installations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The occupation employs 97,720 workers nationally with a median annual wage of $74,330, ranging from $45,310 to $103,680 according to BLS OEWS May 2025. Geographic wage variation is significant with Rhode Island offering the highest pay at $103,810 compared to Guam's $30,770, representing a 3.37x ratio. The Information sector employs 61,040 workers while Construction employs 28,940, reflecting demand across both telecommunications companies and infrastructure contractors. Job prospects remain stable as telecommunications infrastructure requires ongoing maintenance and expansion for fiber optic networks and 5G deployment.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The physical nature of climbing poles, digging trenches, and handling cables in varied outdoor conditions makes this role largely resistant to automation. While diagnostic equipment and installation tools continue to improve, the core activities of accessing work sites, manipulating cables, and troubleshooting field conditions require human dexterity and problem-solving abilities that current technology cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers (49-9051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve climbing poles, working with cables, and performing electrical connections in outdoor environments
    data: Both access elevated areas using bucket trucks
    data: Similar physical work activities and manual dexterity requirements
  [knowledge_overlap] Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers (49-2022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared telecommunications knowledge (imp:4.5) and customer service knowledge (imp:4.4) with complementary indoor vs outdoor focus
    data: Telecommunications knowledge at expert level
    data: Customer service requirements
    data: Equipment installation and testing
  [riasec_cluster] Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers (49-2021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles show strong Realistic orientation (R:6.48) with mechanical and technical work emphasis
    data: High Realistic RIASEC scores
    data: Technical equipment focus
    data: Physical work requirements
  [transferable_skill] Electricians (47-2111.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Complex problem solving (imp:3.1) and equipment maintenance (imp:3.0) skills transfer between electrical trades
    data: Problem-solving and troubleshooting abilities
    data: Manual dexterity requirements
    data: Safety protocols
  [skill_overlap] Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers (49-2097.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared speaking (imp:3.1) and customer service skills for installation work at customer premises
    data: Customer interaction requirements
    data: Installation and testing procedures
    data: Technical troubleshooting
  [career_pathway] Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers (49-2098.00) — confidence:low
    reasoning: Similar job zone 2 preparation with transferable installation and wiring skills
    data: Comparable education requirements
    data: Installation skill overlap
    data: Customer service components

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['telecommunications', 'line installer', 'cable installer', 'fiber optic', 'telecom technician', 'lineman', 'cable splicer', 'broadband installer']
  exclude_keywords : ['equipment repair', 'indoor installation', 'computer repair', 'network administrator', 'software']
  title_patterns   : ['*Line*Installer', '*Cable*Installer', '*Telecom*', '*Lineman', '*Broadband*']
  common_variations: ['Telecom Line Installer', 'Cable Line Installer', 'Fiber Optic Installer', 'Telecommunications Lineman', 'Broadband Technician', 'Cable Technician', 'Line Maintenance Worker', 'Outside Plant Technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['equipment', 'tendency', 'others', 'telecommunications', 'malaysia', 'services', 'cables', 'telephone', 'broadband', 'principles', 'mobile', 'poles', 'line', 'objects', 'test', 'communications', 'control', 'includes', 'trenches', 'tools']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
equipment                  59  0.01662  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:39%  dwas:32%  onet_tasks:15%
tendency                   42  0.01183  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01070  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
telecommunications         24  0.00676  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:38%  onet_dimensions:8%
malaysia                   22  0.00620  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
services                   20  0.00563  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:30%  dwas:10%
cables                     18  0.00507  inference            inference:39%  onet_tasks:22%  dwas:22%
telephone                  18  0.00507  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_dimensions:11%
broadband                  18  0.00507  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
principles                 16  0.00451  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
mobile                     14  0.00394  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
poles                      13  0.00366  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:54%  inference:38%  wikipedia:8%
line                       13  0.00366  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:31%  onet_tasks:8%
objects                    13  0.00366  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  dwas:8%
test                       12  0.00338  inference            inference:42%  onet_tasks:33%  dwas:17%
communications             12  0.00338  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:8%
control                    12  0.00338  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
includes                   12  0.00338  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
trenches                   11  0.00310  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:45%  inference:36%  dwas:18%
tools                      11  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:18%
cable                      11  0.00310  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_tasks:45%
hand                       11  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:9%
materials                  11  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00310  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
infrastructure             11  0.00310  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  inference:45%
digital                    10  0.00282  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_tasks:10%
problems                   10  0.00282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
performance                10  0.00282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:20%  inference:10%
techniques                 10  0.00282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00282  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
million                    10  0.00282  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
service                     9  0.00253  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  wikipedia:33%  onet_dimensions:22%
repair                      9  0.00253  dwas                 dwas:33%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:22%
installation                9  0.00253  inference            inference:33%  onet_tasks:22%  dwas:22%
problem                     9  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
procedures                  9  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
standards                   9  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
management                  9  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
resources                   9  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%