[Core] [65% incumbents] Take appropriate safety precautions, such as monitoring dive lengths and depths and registering with authorities before diving expeditions begin.
  DWAs: Monitor work areas or procedures to ensure compliance with safety procedures.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Communicate with workers on the surface while underwater, using signal lines or telephones.
  DWAs: Communicate with coworkers to coordinate installations or repairs.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Descend into water with the aid of diver helpers, using scuba gear or diving suits.
  DWAs: Travel to work sites to perform installation, repair or maintenance work.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Obtain information about diving tasks and environmental conditions.
  DWAs: Gather information about work conditions or locations.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Inspect and test docks, ships, buoyage systems, plant intakes or outflows, or underwater pipelines, cables, or sewers, using closed circuit television, still photography, and testing equipment.
  DWAs: Inspect systems to determine if they are operating properly. | Test mechanical equipment to ensure proper functioning.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Recover objects by placing rigging around sunken objects, hooking rigging to crane lines, and operating winches, derricks, or cranes to raise objects.
  DWAs: Attach rigging to objects so they can be moved. | Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Operate underwater video, sonar, recording, or related equipment to investigate underwater structures or marine life.
  DWAs: Record images needed to address work issues.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Take test samples or photographs to assess the condition of vessels or structures.
  DWAs: Record images needed to address work issues.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Install, inspect, clean, or repair piping or valves.
  DWAs: Clean equipment, parts, or tools to repair or maintain them in good working order. | Install piping for installation or maintenance activities. | Repair pipes to stop leaking.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Remove obstructions from strainers or marine railway or launching ways, using pneumatic or power hand tools.
  DWAs: Repair structural components.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Perform activities related to underwater search and rescue, salvage, recovery, or cleanup operations.
  DWAs: Respond to emergencies to provide assistance.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Supervise or train other divers, including hobby divers.
  DWAs: Train others in operational procedures. | Supervise employees.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Repair ships, bridge foundations, or other structures below the water line, using caulk, bolts, and hand tools.
  DWAs: Repair non-engine automotive or vehicle components.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Cut and weld steel, using underwater welding equipment, jigs, and supports.
  DWAs: Operate welding equipment.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Carry out non-destructive testing, such as tests for cracks on the legs of oil rigs at sea.
  DWAs: Test mechanical equipment to ensure proper functioning.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Install pilings or footings for piers or bridges.
  DWAs: Install structural foundations.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Set or guide placement of pilings or sandbags to provide support for structures, such as docks, bridges, cofferdams, or platforms.
  DWAs: Install structural foundations.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Drill holes in rock and rig explosives for underwater demolitions.
  DWAs: Drill holes in parts, equipment, or materials.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Remove rubbish or pollution from the sea.
  DWAs: Decontaminate equipment or sites to remove hazardous or toxic substances.

[Core] [63% incumbents] Check and maintain diving equipment, such as helmets, masks, air tanks, harnesses, or gauges.
  DWAs: Clean equipment, parts, or tools to repair or maintain them in good working order. | Maintain work equipment or machinery.

[Core] [63% incumbents] Inspect the condition of underwater steel or wood structures.
  DWAs: Inspect systems to determine if they are operating properly.

[Supplemental] [63% incumbents] Perform offshore oil or gas exploration or extraction duties, such as conducting underwater surveys or repairing and maintaining drilling rigs or platforms.
  DWAs: Survey land or bodies of water to measure or determine features. | Repair production equipment or tools.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Salvage wrecked ships or their cargo, using pneumatic power velocity and hydraulic tools and explosive charges, when necessary.
  DWAs: Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.62 lvl:3.38) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Mechanical (imp:4.07 lvl:5.01) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Building and Construction (imp:3.76 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Physics (imp:3.55 lvl:4.33) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.20 lvl:3.45) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mathematics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.28) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.13 lvl:3.31) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:3.01 lvl:3.07) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  English Language (imp:2.99 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Design (imp:2.77 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.76 lvl:2.64) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.66 lvl:3.45) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Administration and Management (imp:2.56 lvl:2.34) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Transportation (imp:2.44 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Production and Processing (imp:2.36 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Law and Government (imp:2.33 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Psychology (imp:2.24 lvl:2.21) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Geography (imp:2.23 lvl:2.89) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Chemistry (imp:2.20 lvl:2.62) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Administrative (imp:2.16 lvl:1.87) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Telecommunications (imp:2.08 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.01 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Biology (imp:2.01 lvl:2.15) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.85 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Communications and Media (imp:1.72 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.59 lvl:1.30) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.56 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  History and Archeology (imp:1.18 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.14) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:3.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:4.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Static Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Far Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Depth Perception (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Reaction Time (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Stamina (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Spatial Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Dynamic Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Rate Control (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Night Vision (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Sound Localization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.40 lvl:5.68) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.19 lvl:4.51) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.18 lvl:6.18) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.17 lvl:4.40) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.15 lvl:4.39) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.12 lvl:3.49) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.04 lvl:4.28) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.90 lvl:3.92) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.87 lvl:4.68) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.78 lvl:3.85) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.73 lvl:4.32) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.73 lvl:3.79) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.64 lvl:3.33) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.61 lvl:4.60) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.58 lvl:4.48) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.50 lvl:4.60) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.48 lvl:4.25) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.33 lvl:3.49) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.32 lvl:4.03) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.30 lvl:3.38) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.27 lvl:3.59) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.24 lvl:3.80) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.22 lvl:4.27) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.21 lvl:3.56) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.15 lvl:3.31) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.13 lvl:3.01) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.09 lvl:3.27) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.05 lvl:2.85) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Processing Information (imp:3.05 lvl:3.45) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.96 lvl:2.45) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.96 lvl:3.18) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.83 lvl:2.90) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.76 lvl:2.77) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.73 lvl:2.87) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.71 lvl:2.90) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.67 lvl:2.50) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.63 lvl:2.76) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.48 lvl:2.58) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.43 lvl:2.15) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Working with Computers (imp:2.33 lvl:2.05) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.18 lvl:1.63) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Control (imp:3.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.70) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.70) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.67) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.38) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Perseverance (imp:2.30) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.98) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Integrity (imp:1.89) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.83) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.74) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.60) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.35) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Perseverance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.76) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Optimism (imp:0.76) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Sincerity (imp:0.55) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation (imp:0.51) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:0.40) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.01) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.03) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Time Management (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Equipment Selection (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Installation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 3,450
  annual_median    : $72,990
  annual_pct10     : $43,330
  annual_pct25     : $54,810
  annual_pct75     : $101,550
  annual_pct90     : $157,790
  annual_mean      : $88,320
  hourly_median    : $35.09

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($161,800)
  lowest_state     : Texas ($46,490)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.480x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (19 total) ---
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,560  median: $  76,350
  Construction                             emp:    1,020  median: $  96,830
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      280  median: $  39,980
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      240  median: $  85,990
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      220  median: $  65,050
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:       40  median: $ 105,250

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (6 total) ---
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,560  median: $  76,350
  Construction                             emp:    1,020  median: $  96,830
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      280  median: $  39,980
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      240  median: $  85,990
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      220  median: $  65,050
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:       40  median: $ 105,250

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Commercial diving
match_score        : 0.8235
wikidata_qid       : Q85753570
word_count         : 2,932
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_diving
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T23:00:53.195883Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Commercial diving may be considered an application of professional diving where the diver engages in underwater work for industrial, construction, engineering, maintenance or other commercial purposes which are similar to work done out of the water, and where the diving is usually secondary to the work.
In some legislation, commercial diving is defined as any diving done by an employee as part of their job, and for legal purposes this may include scientific, public safety, media, and military diving. That is similar to the definition for professional diving, but in those cases the difference is in the status of the diver within the organisation of the diving contractor. This distinction may not exist in other jurisdictions. In South Africa, any person who dives under the control and instructions of another person within the scope of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993, is within the scope of the Diving Regulations, 2009.


== Applications of commercial diving ==


=== Offshore diving ===

Offshore diving is a well known branch of commercial diving, with divers working in support of the exploration and production sector of the oil and gas industry in places such as the Gulf of Mexico in the United States, the North Sea in the United Kingdom, and Norway and along the coast of Brazil. The work in this area of the industry includes maintenance of oil platforms and the building of underwater structures used in the production process.
Equipment used for offshore diving tends to be surface supplied equipment but this does vary depending on the nature of the work and location. For instance Gulf of Mexico-based divers may use wetsuits whereas North Sea divers need drysuits or even hot water suits due to the temperature of the water.


=== Civil engineering diving ===

Civil engineering works are one of the major applications of inshore and inland coastal diving projects. Much of the work is either underwater inspection or engineering construction or repair work. The types of dive sites involved is varied, and divers can be found working in harbours and lakes, on hydroelectric dams, in rivers and around bridges and pontoons, with a large amount of this work being done in freshwater. Divers may be required to inspect and repair outfalls with penetrations exceeding 600 feet (180 m), which require special safety precautions.
The equipment used does depend on the nature of the work and location, but normally surface oriented surface-supplied diving equipment is used. Saturation diving may be used for major projects in deep water, and scuba may occasionally be used for inspections or light work where the regulations or code of practice permit.


==== Construction and repair ====
Construction:
Concrete work:

Clearing and preparation. Dredging, airlifting, waterjetting, In-water surface cleaning. Shuttering and formwork, bagwork. Reinforcement. Underwater concrete placement - Tremie, pumped concrete, skip placement, toggle bags, grouted aggregate.
Concrete repair: Grouting
Fixing bolts: Drilling and core drilling
Pipe installation (Outfalls) Pipeline support and protection, Mattresses (ballast for stabilising pipelines),


==== Inspection and non-destructive testing ====
 
Inspection of underwater structures, installations, and sites is a common diving activity, applicable to planning, installation, and maintenance phases, but the required skills are often specific to the application. Much use is made of video and still photographic evidence, and live video to allow direction of the inspection work by the supervisor and topside specialists. Inspections may also involve surface preparation, often by cleaning, and non-destructive testing. Tactile inspection may be appropriate where visibility is poor.


=== Hazmat diving ===

HAZMAT diving is one of the most dangerous branches of the commercial diving industry, employing highly skilled and experienced staff.
Typical work involves diving into raw sewage or dangerous chemicals, such as paper pulp, liquid cement, or oil sludge. This leads to special requirements:

The divers may need to be vaccinated against diseases such as hepatitis and tetanus.
Suitable equipment and competent personnel are required for decontamination of the diver and diving equipment after a dive.
Emergency procedures appropriate to the specific hazmat environment must be planned and equipment and personnel in place to safely recover the diver if something goes wrong.
Personnel must be monitored after exposure for possible long term effects.
The tasks a diver may be required to do in a contaminated environment include:

Essential maintenance of underwater valves and sluice gates.
Repairing damaged pipelines.
Pollution control work to contain, control and clean up after a pollution incident.
Sampling activities, such as those performed by United States Environmental Protection Agency. units specializing in polluted water diving, and the Environmental Response Team dive units.
Diving in landfill sites to maintain the pumping equipment, vital in preventing landfill sites from filling up with rainwater and contaminating the water table.
Maintenance and repair work inside functioning sewers, sewage treatment works, or working in septic tanks.
Maintenance and repair work in nuclear plant.
Miscellaneous repairs and finding lost objects.
Finding and recovering corpses after crimes, accidents and disasters. - This work is usually done by police divers and public safety divers, though military divers may be called in to assist for major incidents.
Hazmat diving may also be encountered in public safety diving and military diving.


=== Potable water diving ===

Potable water diving is diving in a tank for potable water. This is usually done for inspection and cleaning tasks. A person who is trained to do this work may be described as a potable water diver. The risks to the diver associated with potable water diving are related to the access, confined spaces and outlets for the water. The risk of contamination of the water is managed by isolating the diver in a clean dry-suit and helmet or full-face mask which are decontaminated before the dive.


=== Salvage diving ===

Salvage diving is the diving work associated with the recovery of all or part of ships, their cargoes, aircraft, and other vehicles and structures which have sunk or fallen into water. In the case of ships it may also refer to repair work done to make an abandoned or distressed but still floating vessel more suitable for towing or propulsion under its own power.
Most salvage diving is commercial work, or military work, depending on the diving contractor and the purpose for the salvage operation, Clearance diving, the removal of obstructions and hazards to navigation, is closely related to salvage diving, but has a different purpose, in that the objects to be removed are not intended to be recovered, just removed or reduced to a condition where they no longer constitute a hazard. Many of the techniques and procedures used in clearance diving are also used in salvage work.


=== Ships husbandry diving ===

Ships husbandry is the maintenance, cleaning, and general upkeep of the hull, rigging, and equipment of a ship, and may also refer to aspects of maintenance which are not specifically covered by the technical departments.
Underwater ship husbandry includes:

Underwater hull cleaning to remove fouling organisms which increase drag, and therefore reduce top speed and increase fuel consumption. Such cleaning may be of the entire hull or parts thereof, particularly propellers, shafts and thrusters.
Non-destructive testing and inspection including fouling surveys, inspection of known or suspected damage to structure, equipment or coatings, and inspection of repairs.
Underwater repair of structure, appendages, and equipment, and small areas of paintwork.


== Equipment ==


=== Diving suit ===

Depending on the water temperature, depth and duration of the planned dive, the diver will eithe

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Scuba diving (similarity: 0.4138)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving
  QID: Q1096878
  Extract: Scuba diving is an underwater diving mode where divers use breathing equipment completely independent of a surface breathing gas supply, and therefore has a limited but variable endurance. The word scuba is an acronym for "Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus" and was coined by Christian J.

  Title: Professional diving (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_diving
  QID: Q10843474
  Extract: Professional diving is underwater diving where the divers are paid for their work. Occupational diving has a similar meaning and applications. The procedures are often regulated by legislation and codes of practice as it is an inherently hazardous occupation and the diver works as a member of a team

  Title: Saturation diving (similarity: 0.2941)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_diving
  QID: Q2119938
  Extract: Saturation diving is an ambient pressure diving technique which allows a diver to remain at working depth for extended periods during which the body tissues become saturated with metabolically inert gas from the breathing gas mixture. Once saturated, the time required for decompression to surface pr

  Title: Frogman (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogman
  QID: Q1137295
  Extract: A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater. The term often applies more to professional rather than recreational divers, especially those working in a tactical capacity that includes military, and in some European countries, police work. Such personnel are also known 

  Title: Rick Stanton (similarity: 0.1379)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Stanton
  QID: Q55383101
  Extract: Richard William Stanton, is a British civilian cave diver who specialises in rescues through the Cave Rescue Organisation and the British Cave Rescue Council. He has been called "one of the world's most accomplished cave-divers", "the face of British cave diving," and "the best cave diver in Europe"

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data foundation with detailed task descriptions, comprehensive skill/knowledge profiles, and clear wage/employment statistics. Wikipedia match provides additional validation of occupation definition and scope.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T00:53:10.990794+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,721
tokens_output        : 4,472
cost_usd             : $0.049594
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Commercial diving
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms commercial diving as underwater work for industrial, construction, and maintenance purposes where diving is secondary to the primary work objective. The definition aligns with O*NET's emphasis on installation, repair, and inspection tasks performed underwater.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Commercial divers perform underwater work using surface-supplied air or scuba equipment to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures below the water's surface. They operate sophisticated diving equipment and underwater tools including drills, welding equipment, and video recording systems to complete industrial, construction, and maintenance tasks. This specialized occupation requires both technical diving skills and mechanical expertise to safely execute complex underwater operations.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Commercial divers begin by obtaining detailed information about diving tasks and environmental conditions, then take appropriate safety precautions including monitoring dive lengths and depths. They descend into water using scuba gear or diving suits with assistance from dive tenders, maintaining constant communication with surface crews through signal lines or telephones. Underwater, they inspect and test structures like docks, ships, pipelines, and underwater cables using specialized equipment. Their work involves installing, cleaning, or repairing piping and valves, recovering sunken objects using rigging and crane operations, and operating underwater video or sonar equipment to investigate structures or document conditions. They frequently remove obstructions using pneumatic or power hand tools and take test samples or photographs to assess vessel or structure conditions.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful commercial divers combine strong mechanical aptitude with exceptional attention to detail and safety consciousness, as reflected in the high importance ratings for dependability and cautiousness work styles. They possess excellent problem-solving abilities and communication skills, essential for coordinating complex underwater operations with surface teams while maintaining safety protocols. Physical demands require individuals with strong arm-hand steadiness, multilimb coordination, and manual dexterity to operate tools effectively in challenging underwater environments. The work attracts those comfortable with high-responsibility situations where critical thinking and quick decision-making can impact both project success and personal safety.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most commercial divers enter the field through post-secondary certificate programs, which account for 72.4% of educational pathways, focusing on diving operations, underwater welding, or marine technology. These programs typically combine classroom instruction in diving physics, safety protocols, and underwater construction techniques with extensive hands-on training in controlled environments. Some divers begin with associate's degrees (11.6%) in related fields like marine technology or construction trades, while others start with high school diplomas and gain skills through military diving programs or apprenticeships. Entry-level positions often begin as dive tenders or assistants, learning safety procedures and equipment operation before advancing to independent diving work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced commercial divers can advance to specialized roles such as underwater welders, diving supervisors, or marine construction project managers, leveraging their technical expertise in increasingly complex operations. Some pursue additional certifications in non-destructive testing, underwater photography, or specialized diving techniques like saturation diving for deeper water projects. Career paths may lead to consulting roles, diving equipment sales, or establishing independent diving service companies. The combination of mechanical knowledge and diving expertise also opens opportunities in related fields such as marine engineering, offshore oil and gas operations, or aquaculture management.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Commercial diving offers strong earning potential with a median annual wage of $72,990 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, though compensation varies significantly by region and specialization. Geographic dispersion shows dramatic wage differences, with Washington state leading at $161,800 annually compared to Texas at $46,490, reflecting a 3.48x ratio driven by offshore oil operations and marine construction demand. The field employs 3,450 workers nationally, concentrated in administrative and support services (1,560), construction (1,020), and entertainment industries (280). Employment opportunities are strongest in coastal regions with significant marine infrastructure, offshore energy operations, or large port facilities. Demand remains steady due to ongoing needs for underwater infrastructure maintenance, though the small total employment reflects the specialized nature of the work.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Commercial diving faces low automation risk due to the complex problem-solving, manual dexterity, and real-time decision-making required in unpredictable underwater environments. While underwater robotics and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) handle some inspection tasks, the work activities emphasizing physical manipulation, equipment repair, and adaptive problem-solving remain difficult to automate in dynamic aquatic conditions.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Riggers (49-9096.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations involve rigging operations and crane work, with commercial divers specifically tasked to 'place rigging around sunken objects, hooking rigging to crane lines, and operating winches.'
    data: Recovering objects by placing rigging around sunken objects
    data: Operating winches, derricks
  [knowledge_overlap] Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters (47-2152.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Commercial divers share mechanical knowledge (imp:4.1, lvl:5.0) and building/construction knowledge (imp:3.8, lvl:4.5) with plumbers, and specifically perform piping installation and repair tasks underwater.
    data: Install, inspect, clean, or repair piping or valves
    data: Mechanical knowledge level 5.0
    data: Building and Construction knowledge level 4.5
  [skill_overlap] Ship Engineers (53-5031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations require strong mechanical knowledge and problem-solving skills for equipment inspection and repair, with commercial divers performing underwater ship and marine equipment maintenance.
    data: Inspect and test docks, ships, buoyage systems
    data: Mechanical knowledge importance 4.1
    data: Problem Sensitivity ability importance 4.0
  [transferable_skill] Boilermakers (47-2011.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Operations Monitoring (imp:3.8, lvl:3.6) and Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.5, lvl:3.2) are key transferable skills, with both occupations requiring precision work on pressure systems and structural components.
    data: Operations Monitoring transferable skill level 3.6
    data: Quality Control Analysis transferable skill level 3.2
    data: Repair structural components task
  [riasec_cluster] Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas (47-5023.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations share strong Realistic orientation (R:7.00 for commercial divers) involving hands-on mechanical work with specialized equipment in challenging environmental conditions.
    data: RIASEC R:7.00
    data: Operating specialized drilling/diving equipment
    data: Working in challenging environmental conditions

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['commercial diver', 'underwater welder', 'marine diver', 'scuba diver', 'diving operations', 'underwater inspection', 'subsea operations', 'diving technician']
  exclude_keywords : ['recreational diver', 'dive instructor', 'swimming instructor', 'lifeguard', 'aquarium worker']
  title_patterns   : ['Commercial Diver', 'Marine Diver', 'Underwater Welder', 'Deep Sea Diver', 'Hard Hat Diver']
  common_variations: ['commercial diving', 'underwater diving', 'subsea diving', 'marine diving', 'industrial diving', 'construction diver', 'offshore diver', 'saturation diver']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['diving', 'equipment', 'diver', 'underwater', 'tendency', 'others', 'commercial', 'water', 'divers', 'surface', 'repair', 'standards', 'safety', 'objects', 'operations', 'maintenance', 'structures', 'procedures', 'includes', 'international']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diving                    124  0.02717  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:3%
equipment                  74  0.01621  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:15%
diver                      59  0.01293  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  onet_tasks:2%
underwater                 47  0.01030  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:19%
tendency                   42  0.00920  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.00876  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:2%  inference:2%
commercial                 37  0.00811  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  inference:22%
water                      34  0.00745  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:9%  onet_tasks:6%
divers                     30  0.00657  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:7%
surface                    27  0.00592  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:4%
repair                     22  0.00482  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:32%  inference:14%
standards                  21  0.00460  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_dimensions:38%
safety                     19  0.00416  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  inference:32%  onet_tasks:5%
objects                    19  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:63%  onet_tasks:16%  wikipedia:11%
operations                 18  0.00394  inference            inference:44%  onet_dimensions:33%  wikipedia:17%
maintenance                18  0.00394  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:22%  inference:17%
structures                 17  0.00373  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:29%  onet_dimensions:29%  wikipedia:24%
procedures                 17  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:29%  dwas:18%
includes                   17  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:29%
international              17  0.00373  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
gas                        16  0.00351  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:6%
principles                 16  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    15  0.00329  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
dive                       14  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:7%
tools                      14  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:21%
activities                 14  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:14%  onet_tasks:7%
construction               14  0.00307  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:36%  onet_dimensions:14%
techniques                 14  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:14%  inference:14%
working                    13  0.00285  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:15%
suit                       13  0.00285  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
breathing                  13  0.00285  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
scuba                      12  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:8%
marine                     12  0.00263  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:17%
personnel                  12  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:33%
hand                       11  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:18%
offshore                   11  0.00241  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:9%
materials                  11  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  dwas:9%
production                 11  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  wikipedia:18%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       11  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%