[Core] [49% incumbents] Dye, soak, polish, paint, stamp, stitch, stain, buff, or engrave leather or other materials to obtain desired effects, decorations, or shapes.
  DWAs: Sew clothing or other articles. | Prepare fabrics or materials for processing or production.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Cut out parts, following patterns or outlines, using knives, shears, scissors, or machine presses.
  DWAs: Cut fabrics.

[Supplemental] [49% incumbents] Dress and otherwise finish boots or shoes, as by trimming the edges of new soles and heels to the shoe shape.
  DWAs: Trim excess material from workpieces.

[Supplemental] [49% incumbents] Place shoes on lasts to remove soles and heels, using knives or pliers.
  DWAs: Mount materials or workpieces onto production equipment.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Repair and recondition leather products such as trunks, luggage, shoes, saddles, belts, purses, and baseball gloves.
  DWAs: Repair textiles or apparel.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Prepare inserts, heel pads, and lifts from casts of customers' feet.
  DWAs: Assemble garments or textile products.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Cement, nail, or sew soles and heels to shoes.
  DWAs: Assemble garments or textile products.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Check the texture, color, and strength of leather to ensure that it is adequate for a particular purpose.
  DWAs: Evaluate quality of materials or products.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Shape shoe heels with a knife, and sand them on a buffing wheel for smoothness.
  DWAs: Adjust fabrics or other materials during garment production.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Cut, insert, position, and secure paddings, cushioning, or linings, using stitches or glue.
  DWAs: Cut fabrics.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Draw patterns, using measurements, designs, plaster casts, or customer specifications, and position or outline patterns on work pieces.
  DWAs: Design templates or patterns. | Position patterns on equipment, materials, or workpieces.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Re-sew seams, and replace handles and linings of suitcases or handbags.
  DWAs: Sew clothing or other articles. | Repair textiles or apparel.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Read prescriptions or specifications, and take measurements to establish the type of product to be made, using calipers, tape measures, or rules.
  DWAs: Read work orders or other instructions to determine product specifications or materials requirements. | Measure clients to ensure proper product fit.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Attach accessories or ornamentation to decorate or protect products.
  DWAs: Attach decorative or functional accessories to products.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Make, modify, and repair orthopedic or therapeutic footwear according to doctors' prescriptions, or modify existing footwear for people with foot problems and special needs.
  DWAs: Construct customized assistive medical or dental devices.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Select materials and patterns, and trace patterns onto materials to be cut out.
  DWAs: Select production input materials. | Draw guide lines or markings on materials or workpieces using patterns or other references.

[Core] [47% incumbents] Construct, decorate, or repair leather products according to specifications, using sewing machines, needles and thread, leather lacing, glue, clamps, hand tools, or rivets.
  DWAs: Attach decorative or functional accessories to products.

[Core] [47% incumbents] Align and stitch or glue materials such as fabric, fleece, leather, or wood, to join parts.
  DWAs: Sew clothing or other articles. | Align parts or workpieces to ensure proper assembly.

[Core] [47% incumbents] Inspect articles for defects, and remove damaged or worn parts, using hand tools.
  DWAs: Inspect garments for defects, damage, or stains.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Attach insoles to shoe lasts, affix shoe uppers, and apply heels and outsoles.
  DWAs: Assemble garments or textile products.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Clean and polish shoes.
  DWAs: Apply water or solutions to fabrics or apparel. | Polish materials, workpieces, or finished products.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Repair or replace soles, heels, and other parts of footwear, using sewing, buffing and other shoe repair machines, materials, and equipment.
  DWAs: Repair textiles or apparel. | Operate sewing equipment.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Nail heel and toe cleats onto shoes.
  DWAs: Assemble garments or textile products.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Stretch shoes, dampening parts and inserting and twisting parts, using an adjustable stretcher.
  DWAs: Repair textiles or apparel.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Drill or punch holes and insert or attach metal rings, handles, and fastening hardware, such as buckles.
  DWAs: Attach decorative or functional accessories to products. | Drill holes in parts, equipment, or materials.

[Supplemental] [46% incumbents] Estimate the costs of requested products or services such as custom footwear or footwear repair, and receive payment from customers.
  DWAs: Estimate costs of products, services, or materials.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Production and Processing (imp:3.23 lvl:3.26) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.98 lvl:2.31) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mechanical (imp:2.90 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.58 lvl:2.79) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administration and Management (imp:2.40) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Education and Training (imp:2.15 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.01 lvl:1.89) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.93 lvl:1.78) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Design (imp:1.89 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  English Language (imp:1.87) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Chemistry (imp:1.78 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.68 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Psychology (imp:1.63) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Mathematics (imp:1.62 lvl:1.16) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.60) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Law and Government (imp:1.54 lvl:0.82) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Transportation (imp:1.49) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.37) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Administrative (imp:1.33) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Telecommunications (imp:1.32) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.30) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Building and Construction (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Physics (imp:1.23) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Biology (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Geography (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Foreign Language (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Food Production (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Communications and Media (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.07) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Oral Expression (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Reaction Time (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Far Vision (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Written Expression (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.25 lvl:1.50) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.25 lvl:1.50) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Rate Control (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Static Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Time Sharing (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Memorization (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Night Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.95 lvl:3.23) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.80 lvl:3.28) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.76 lvl:4.51) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.73 lvl:4.79) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.71 lvl:2.87) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.65 lvl:3.23) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.61 lvl:3.47) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Getting Information (imp:3.59 lvl:2.96) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.49 lvl:2.59) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.47 lvl:2.88) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.41 lvl:3.21) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.37 lvl:2.55) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.30 lvl:2.73) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.28 lvl:4.02) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Processing Information (imp:3.04 lvl:2.05) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.03 lvl:2.95) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.93 lvl:2.96) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.88 lvl:2.81) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.84 lvl:2.49) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.81 lvl:2.66) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:2.79 lvl:2.24) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.78 lvl:2.22) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.78 lvl:2.52) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:2.72 lvl:2.06) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.64 lvl:2.58) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.55 lvl:3.11) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.53 lvl:1.57) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.52 lvl:2.09) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.42) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.42 lvl:2.40) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.41 lvl:2.39) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.41 lvl:2.42) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.41 lvl:2.47) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.40 lvl:2.44) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Working with Computers (imp:2.36 lvl:1.65) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.35) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.25) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.25) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.22 lvl:1.55) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.18 lvl:2.02) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.22) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:1.98) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.47) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.05) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.97) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation (imp:0.75) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Integrity (imp:0.74) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Initiative (imp:0.51) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Control (imp:0.51) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.41) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.40) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.21) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.17) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:0.17) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.15) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Cooperation (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:-0.12) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:-0.20) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.23) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.38) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Systems Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 7,450
  annual_median    : $37,800
  annual_pct10     : $28,210
  annual_pct25     : $31,270
  annual_pct75     : $45,670
  annual_pct90     : $52,550
  annual_mean      : $39,160
  hourly_median    : $18.17

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Tennessee ($52,520)
  lowest_state     : Mississippi ($26,340)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.994x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (28 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    5,810  median: $  37,120
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      660  median: $  38,410
  Retail Trade                             emp:      490  median: $  41,130
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      350  median: $  52,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       40  median: $  32,210

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    5,810  median: $  37,120
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      660  median: $  38,410
  Retail Trade                             emp:      490  median: $  41,130
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      350  median: $  52,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       40  median: $  32,210

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T23:14:18.295574Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: One Big Beautiful Bill Act (similarity: 0.3125)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act
  QID: Q134500668
  Extract: The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) or the Big Beautiful Bill, is a U.S. federal statute passed by the 119th United States Congress containing tax and spending policies that form the core of President Donald Trump's second-term agenda. The bill was signed into law by Trump on July 4, 2025. Althou

  Title: Shoemaking (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoemaking
  QID: Q5915560
  Extract: Shoemaking is the process of making footwear.

  Title: Leather (similarity: 0.3111)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather
  QID: Q286
  Extract: Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligator

  Title: Shoe polish (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe_polish
  QID: Q913617
  Extract: Shoe polish, also known as boot polish and shoeshine, is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid that is used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's lifespan and restore its appearance. Shoe polishes are distinguished by their textures, which range from liquids to ha

  Title: Cordwainer (similarity: 0.2083)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordwainer
  QID: Q152355
  Extract: A cordwainer is a shoemaker who makes new shoes from new leather. The cordwainer's trade can be contrasted with the  cobbler's trade, according to a tradition in Britain that restricted cobblers to repairing shoes. This usage distinction is not universally observed, as the word cobbler is widely use

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : medium
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data with detailed tasks and abilities, but limited Wikipedia context reduces overall confidence. Employment data is robust but occupation represents a niche market with limited broader industry analysis available.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T01:46:50.631311+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,525
tokens_output        : 4,468
cost_usd             : $0.048955
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found. The semantic neighbors include 'Shoemaking' and 'Leather' which provide relevant context for the craft and materials involved in this occupation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Shoe and leather workers and repairers are skilled craftspeople who construct, decorate, and repair leather products including shoes, boots, luggage, saddles, and accessories using traditional hand tools and specialized machinery. These artisans combine production knowledge with fine motor skills to restore and create leather goods, requiring attention to detail and proficiency in cutting, stitching, dyeing, and finishing techniques. With approximately 7,450 professionals employed nationwide, they primarily work in manufacturing facilities but also serve customers directly in repair shops and custom leather goods businesses.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves inspecting leather materials for quality and selecting appropriate pieces for specific projects or repairs. Workers cut patterns using knives, shears, or machine presses, then shape and prepare components through techniques like dyeing, soaking, polishing, stamping, or stitching to achieve desired effects. Much time is spent using specialized tools to cement, nail, or sew soles and heels to shoes, trim edges to proper shapes, and sand surfaces for smoothness. They monitor their work closely to ensure compliance with quality standards, making adjustments as needed. Customer service is often required when preparing custom inserts or discussing repair options, and workers must coordinate with other team members in larger manufacturing settings.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess strong visual-spatial abilities and exceptional hand-eye coordination, as demonstrated by high requirements for near vision, arm-hand steadiness, and finger dexterity. The dominant Realistic personality type indicates those who prefer working with tangible materials and tools rather than abstract concepts. Successful practitioners exhibit high attention to detail and dependability, as leather work requires precision and consistency to meet quality standards. They typically enjoy problem-solving and making decisions about repair techniques or construction methods, while also having patience for detailed, meticulous work that requires perseverance through complex projects.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most positions require only a high school diploma or equivalent (56.4% of workers) or less formal education (43.6%), making this an accessible skilled trade. Entry typically involves on-the-job training where apprentices learn traditional techniques under experienced craftspeople, gradually developing proficiency in cutting, stitching, and finishing methods. Some workers may benefit from vocational training in leather working, shoe repair, or general manufacturing processes. The Job Zone 2 classification indicates that some preparation is needed but extensive formal education is not required.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement often leads to specialized roles such as custom shoemaker, harness maker, or leather goods designer, with experienced workers potentially establishing their own repair shops or custom leather businesses. Some transition into supervisory roles within manufacturing facilities or become trainers for apprentice programs. Related career pathways include moving into upholstery work, jewelry crafting, or other precision manufacturing roles that utilize similar fine motor skills and attention to detail. Entrepreneurial opportunities exist for those who develop expertise in high-end custom work or historical restoration projects.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The occupation offers a median annual wage of $37,800 (BLS OEWS May 2025), with earnings ranging from $28,210 to $52,550 across experience levels and geographic regions. Tennessee offers the highest wages at $52,520, while Mississippi provides the lowest at $26,340, reflecting a 1.99x geographic wage ratio. With only 7,450 total positions nationwide, this represents a niche market concentrated primarily in manufacturing (5,810 employed), followed by other services (660) and retail trade (490). The small employment base suggests limited but stable demand, particularly in regions with leather goods manufacturing or strong craft traditions. Geographic concentration likely follows historical manufacturing centers and areas with tourism supporting artisan businesses.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
This occupation faces relatively low automation risk due to the high importance of manual dexterity, visual inspection, and custom problem-solving required for leather repair and crafting. The emphasis on handling and moving objects, controlling hand tools, and making quality judgments about unique materials creates significant barriers to mechanization. While some cutting and stitching processes may become more automated in large-scale manufacturing, repair work and custom crafting will likely remain human-dependent due to the variability and unpredictability of each project.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders (51-6042.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve shoe construction and repair with shared work activities in controlling machines and handling materials.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Shared shoe construction tasks
    data: Similar manufacturing environment
  [skill_overlap] Sewers, Hand (51-6051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require finger dexterity, arm-hand steadiness, and stitching skills with similar fine motor control demands.
    data: Finger Dexterity imp:3.2
    data: Arm-Hand Steadiness imp:3.2
    data: Stitching tasks in both roles
  [knowledge_overlap] Sewing Machine Operators (51-6031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared production and processing knowledge with similar understanding of materials and manufacturing processes.
    data: Production and Processing knowledge imp:3.2
    data: Similar manufacturing contexts
    data: Material handling requirements
  [riasec_cluster] Upholsterers (51-6093.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both demonstrate high Realistic orientation involving work with materials, tools, and hands-on craftsmanship.
    data: Realistic RIASEC score 6.94
    data: Similar material working focus
    data: Craft-based skill requirements
  [transferable_skill] Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers (51-9071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require exceptional near vision, finger dexterity, and attention to detail for precision craftsmanship work.
    data: Near Vision imp:3.5
    data: Finger Dexterity imp:3.2
    data: Attention to Detail work style
  [career_pathway] Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers (51-6052.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Natural progression path sharing custom work orientation, cutting skills, and customer service requirements.
    data: Customer and Personal Service knowledge imp:3.0
    data: Cutting and assembly tasks
    data: Custom work focus

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['shoe repair', 'cobbler', 'leather worker', 'boot maker', 'shoemaker', 'leather repair', 'shoe construction', 'bootmaker']
  exclude_keywords : ['machine operator', 'factory worker', 'assembly line', 'mass production', 'textile worker']
  title_patterns   : ['*cobbler*', '*shoe*repair*', '*boot*maker*', '*leather*worker*', '*shoemaker*']
  common_variations: ['cobbler', 'shoe repairer', 'bootmaker', 'custom shoemaker', 'leather craftsperson', 'shoe craftsman', 'boot repairer', 'leather artisan']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'materials', 'equipment', 'leather', 'repair', 'products', 'principles', 'shoes', 'techniques', 'shoe', 'hand', 'production', 'objects', 'patterns', 'control', 'includes', 'tools', 'quality', 'ideas']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01408  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  30  0.01006  dwas                 dwas:37%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:17%
equipment                  28  0.00939  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:14%  onet_tasks:4%
leather                    22  0.00737  inference            inference:55%  onet_tasks:27%  wikipedia:18%
repair                     21  0.00704  inference            inference:38%  onet_tasks:29%  dwas:19%
products                   20  0.00671  dwas                 dwas:50%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:20%
principles                 16  0.00536  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
shoes                      15  0.00503  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:47%  wikipedia:40%  inference:13%
techniques                 14  0.00469  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  inference:29%
shoe                       13  0.00436  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  onet_tasks:38%  inference:15%
hand                       13  0.00436  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:54%  inference:31%  onet_tasks:15%
production                 13  0.00436  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  dwas:31%  inference:8%
objects                    13  0.00436  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
patterns                   12  0.00402  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:42%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%
control                    12  0.00402  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
includes                   12  0.00402  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
tools                      11  0.00369  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:18%
quality                    11  0.00369  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  inference:36%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00369  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problems                   10  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  onet_tasks:10%
standards                  10  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
body                       10  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
needs                       9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
machines                    9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:22%
services                    9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:11%  dwas:11%
attention                   9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
problem                     9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
moving                      9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
needed                      9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
quickly                     9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                  9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  9  0.00302  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
manufacturing               9  0.00302  inference            inference:100%
custom                      8  0.00268  inference            inference:88%  onet_tasks:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  8  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%