[Core] [71% incumbents] Brush, spray, or hand-rub finishing ingredients, such as paint, oil, stain, or wax, onto and into wood grain and apply lacquer or other sealers.
  DWAs: Apply protective or decorative finishes to workpieces or products.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Fill and smooth cracks or depressions, remove marks and imperfections, and repair broken parts, using plastic or wood putty, glue, nails, or screws.
  DWAs: Fill cracks, imperfections, or holes in products or workpieces. | Repair furniture or upholstery.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Remove accessories prior to finishing, and mask areas that should not be exposed to finishing processes or substances.
  DWAs: Remove accessories, tools, or other parts from equipment.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Remove old finishes and damaged or deteriorated parts, using hand tools, stripping tools, sandpaper, steel wool, abrasives, solvents, or dip baths.
  DWAs: Shape surfaces or edges of wood workpieces.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Treat warped or stained surfaces to restore original contours and colors.
  DWAs: Repair furniture or upholstery.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Mix finish ingredients to obtain desired colors or shades.
  DWAs: Mix ingredients to create specific finishes.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Examine furniture to determine the extent of damage or deterioration, and to decide on the best method for repair or restoration.
  DWAs: Examine condition of property or products.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Distress surfaces with woodworking tools or abrasives before staining to create an antique appearance, or rub surfaces to bring out highlights and shadings.
  DWAs: Shape surfaces or edges of wood workpieces.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Confer with customers to determine furniture colors or finishes.
  DWAs: Confer with customers or designers to determine order specifications.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Recommend woods, colors, finishes, and furniture styles, using knowledge of wood products, fashions, and styles.
  DWAs: Advise others on ways to improve processes or products.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Wash surfaces to prepare them for finish application.
  DWAs: Clean workpieces or finished products.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Follow blueprints to produce specific designs.
  DWAs: Read work orders or other instructions to determine product specifications or materials requirements.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Replace or refurbish upholstery of items, using tacks, adhesives, softeners, solvents, stains, or polish.
  DWAs: Repair furniture or upholstery.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Spread graining ink over metal portions of furniture to simulate wood-grain finish.
  DWAs: Apply protective or decorative finishes to workpieces or products.

[Supplemental] [71% incumbents] Brush bleaching agents on wood surfaces to restore natural color.
  DWAs: Apply protective or decorative finishes to workpieces or products.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Smooth, shape, and touch up surfaces to prepare them for finishing, using sandpaper, pumice stones, steel wool, chisels, sanders, or grinders.
  DWAs: Shape surfaces or edges of wood workpieces. | Operate grinding equipment.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Select appropriate finishing ingredients such as paint, stain, lacquer, shellac, or varnish, depending on factors such as wood hardness and surface type.
  DWAs: Select production input materials.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Stencil, gild, emboss, mark, or paint designs or borders to reproduce the original appearance of restored pieces, or to decorate new pieces.
  DWAs: Apply protective or decorative finishes to workpieces or products.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Disassemble items to prepare them for finishing, using hand tools.
  DWAs: Disassemble equipment for maintenance or repair.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Paint metal surfaces electrostatically, or by using a spray gun or other painting equipment.
  DWAs: Apply protective or decorative finishes to workpieces or products. | Operate painting or coating equipment.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Design, create, and decorate entire pieces or specific parts of furniture, such as draws for cabinets.
  DWAs: Design furniture.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Remove excess solvent, using cloths soaked in paint thinner.
  DWAs: Clean workpieces or finished products.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Writing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Production and Processing (imp:3.26 lvl:2.92) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Mechanical (imp:3.02 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Design (imp:2.91 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Education and Training (imp:2.82 lvl:2.75) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  English Language (imp:2.78 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.73 lvl:2.59) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mathematics (imp:2.58 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Building and Construction (imp:2.44 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Administration and Management (imp:2.42 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.40 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Chemistry (imp:2.26 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Transportation (imp:2.07 lvl:1.78) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Law and Government (imp:2.03 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.92 lvl:1.67) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.85 lvl:1.53) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:1.79 lvl:0.47) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Foreign Language (imp:1.72) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.70 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Psychology (imp:1.63 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Communications and Media (imp:1.62) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Food Production (imp:1.61) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Physics (imp:1.61 lvl:1.06) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.55 lvl:0.96) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.51) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Geography (imp:1.45 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Telecommunications (imp:1.40) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.39) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.37) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Biology (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.16) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.75 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visualization (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Static Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Dynamic Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Stamina (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Speech Clarity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Rate Control (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Depth Perception (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Reaction Time (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Written Expression (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Response Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Time Sharing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.38) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Night Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.09 lvl:3.89) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.98 lvl:4.02) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.89 lvl:4.18) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.81 lvl:5.21) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.72 lvl:4.28) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.71 lvl:4.18) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.69 lvl:4.65) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.64 lvl:3.60) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.64 lvl:3.39) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.64 lvl:3.53) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.64 lvl:3.59) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.60 lvl:3.42) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.53 lvl:4.18) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.48 lvl:4.01) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.23 lvl:2.86) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.17 lvl:2.93) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Processing Information (imp:3.16 lvl:3.33) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.02 lvl:2.66) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.95 lvl:3.03) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.93 lvl:2.55) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.92 lvl:2.50) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.85 lvl:2.75) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.83 lvl:2.88) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.82 lvl:2.51) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.78 lvl:2.71) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.78 lvl:2.14) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.78 lvl:2.48) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.74 lvl:2.26) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.71 lvl:2.55) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.68 lvl:2.47) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.58 lvl:2.08) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Working with Computers (imp:2.55 lvl:2.42) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.46 lvl:1.88) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.37 lvl:1.77) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.36 lvl:1.88) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.26 lvl:1.64) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.23 lvl:1.80) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.07 lvl:1.49) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.97 lvl:1.51) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.63) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.01) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.18) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.95) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation (imp:0.92) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Integrity (imp:0.78) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.57) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.55) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.48) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.47) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Initiative (imp:0.38) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability (imp:0.21) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:0.17) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.07) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Optimism (imp:-0.01) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.21) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Humility (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.32) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.37) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Negotiation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Technology Design (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 14,480
  annual_median    : $44,540
  annual_pct10     : $32,160
  annual_pct25     : $37,670
  annual_pct75     : $49,730
  annual_pct90     : $61,020
  annual_mean      : $45,300
  hourly_median    : $21.41

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Connecticut ($59,830)
  lowest_state     : Tennessee ($32,160)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.860x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (43 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,360  median: $  43,220
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,570  median: $  46,720
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      980  median: $  46,510
  Retail Trade                             emp:      870  median: $  47,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      290  median: $  45,540
  Construction                             emp:      110  median: $  38,940
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       90  median: $  47,330

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (7 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,360  median: $  43,220
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,570  median: $  46,720
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      980  median: $  46,510
  Retail Trade                             emp:      870  median: $  47,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      290  median: $  45,540
  Construction                             emp:      110  median: $  38,940
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:       90  median: $  47,330

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Furniture
match_score        : 0.6429
wikidata_qid       : Q14745
word_count         : 4,666
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T23:17:04.479769Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Furniture refers to objects intended to support various human activities, such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, working, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks). Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground, such as tables and desks), or to store things (e.g., cupboards, shelves, and drawers). Furniture can be a product of design and can be considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. It can be made from a vast multitude of materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be made using a variety of woodworking joints which often reflects the local culture.
People have been using natural objects, such as tree stumps, rocks, and moss, as furniture since the beginning of human civilization and continues today in some households/campsites. Archaeological research shows that from around 30,000 years ago, people started to construct and carve their own furniture, using wood, stone, and animal bones. Early furniture from this period is known from artwork such as a Venus figurine found in Russia, depicting the goddess on a throne. The first surviving extant furniture is in the homes of Skara Brae in Scotland, and includes cupboards, dressers and beds all constructed from stone. Complex construction techniques such as joinery began in the early dynastic period of ancient Egypt. This era saw constructed wooden pieces, including stools and tables, sometimes decorated with valuable metals or ivory. The evolution of furniture design continued in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, with thrones being commonplace as well as the klinai, multipurpose couches used for relaxing, eating, and sleeping. The furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented. Furniture design expanded during the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs. The nineteenth century is usually defined by revival styles. The first three-quarters of the twentieth century are often seen as the march towards Modernism. One unique outgrowth of post-modern furniture design is a return to natural shapes and textures.


== Etymology ==
The English word furniture is derived from the French word fourniture, the noun form of fournir, which means to supply or provide. Thus fourniture in French means supplies or provisions. The English usage, referring specifically to household objects, is specific to that language; French and other Romance languages as well as German use variants of the word meubles, which derives from Latin mobilia, meaning "moveable goods".


== History ==


=== Prehistory ===
The practice of using natural objects as rudimentary pieces of furniture likely dates to the beginning of human civilization. Early humans are likely to have used tree stumps as seats, rocks as rudimentary tables, and mossy areas for sleeping. During the late Paleolithic or early Neolithic period, from around 30,000 years ago, people began constructing and carving their own furniture, using wood, stone and animal bones. The earliest evidence for the existence of constructed furniture is a Venus figurine found at the Gagarino site in Russia, which depicts the goddess in a sitting position, on a throne. A similar statue of a seated woman was found in Çatalhöyük in Turkey, dating to between 6000 and 5500 BCE. The inclusion of such a seat in the figurines implies that these were already common artefacts of that age.
A range of unique stone furniture has been excavated in Skara Brae, a Neolithic village in Orkney, Scotland The site dates from 3100 to 2500 BCE and due to a shortage of wood in Orkney, the people of Skara Brae were forced to build with stone, a readily available material that could be worked easily and turned into items for use within the household. Each house shows a high degree of sophistication and was equipped with an extensive assortment of stone furniture, ranging from cupboards, dressers, and beds to shelves, stone seats, and limpet tanks. The stone dresser was regarded as the most important as it symbolically faces the entrance in each house and is therefore the first item seen when entering, perhaps displaying symbolic objects, including decorative artwork such as several Neolithic carved stone balls also found at the site.


=== Antiquity ===

Ancient furniture has been excavated from the 8th-century BCE Phrygian tumulus, the Midas Mound, in Gordion, Turkey. Pieces found here include tables and inlaid serving stands. There are also surviving works from the 9th–8th-century BCE Assyrian palace of Nimrud. The earliest surviving carpet, the Pazyryk Carpet was discovered in a frozen tomb in Siberia and has been dated between the 6th and 3rd century BCE.


==== Ancient Egypt ====

Civilization in ancient Egypt began with the clearance and irrigation of land along the banks of the River Nile, which began in about 6000 BCE. By that time, society in the Nile Valley was already engaged in organized agriculture and the construction of large buildings.  At this period, Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and also constructing large buildings. Mortar was in use by around 4000 BCE The inhabitants of the Nile Valley and delta were self-sufficient and were raising barley and emmer (an early variety of wheat) and stored it in pits lined with reed mats. They raised cattle, goats and pigs and they wove linens and baskets. Evidence of furniture from the predynastic period is scarce, but samples from First Dynasty tombs indicate an already advanced use of furnishings in the houses of the age.
During the Dynastic Period, which began in around 3200 BCE, Egyptian art developed significantly, and this included furniture design. Egyptian furniture was primarily constructed using wood, but other materials were sometimes used, such as leather, and pieces were often adorned with gold, silver, ivory and ebony, for decoration. Wood found in Egypt was not suitable for furniture construction, so it had to be imported into the country from other places, particularly Phoenicia. The scarcity of wood necessitated innovation in construction techniques. The use of scarf joints to join two shorter pieces together and form a longer beam was one example of this, as well as construction of veneers in which low quality cheap wood was used as the main building material, with a thin layer of expensive wood on the surface.
The earliest used seating furniture in the dynastic period was the stool, which was used throughout Egyptian society, from the royal family down to ordinary citizens. Various different designs were used, including stools with four vertical legs, and others with crossed splayed legs; almost all had rectangular seats, however. Examples include the workman's stool, a simple three legged structure with a concave seat, designed for comfort during labour, and the much more ornate folding stool, with crossed folding legs, which were decorated with carved duck heads and ivory, and had hinges made of bronze. Full chairs were much rarer in early Egypt, being limited to only wealthy and high ranking people, and seen as a status symbol; they did not reach ordinary households until the 18th dynasty. Early examples were formed by adding a straight back to a stool, while later chairs had an inclined back. Other furniture types in ancient Egypt include tables, which are heavily represented in art, but almost nonexistent as preserved items – perhaps because they were placed outside tombs rather than within, as well as beds and storage chests.


==== Ancient Greece ====

Historical knowledge of Greek furniture is derived from various sources, including literature, terracotta, sculptures, statuettes, and painted vases. Some pieces survive to this day, primari

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Wood finishing (similarity: 0.4242)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_finishing
  QID: Q119172976
  Extract: Wood finishing refers to the process of refining or protecting a wooden surface, especially in the production of furniture where typically it represents between 5 and 30% of manufacturing costs.

  Title: Tiny Furniture (similarity: 0.5455)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Furniture
  QID: Q3991647
  Extract: Tiny Furniture is a 2010 American comedy-drama film written, directed by, and starring Lena Dunham. The film premiered at South by Southwest, where it won the award for Best Narrative Feature, screened at such festivals as Maryland Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States on

  Title: Sustainable furniture design (similarity: 0.5106)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design
  QID: Q7649658
  Extract: Sustainable furniture design and sustainable interior design is the design of a habitable interior using furniture, finishes, and equipment while addressing the environmental impact of products and building materials used. By considering the life-cycle impact of each step, from raw material through 

  Title: Construction worker (similarity: 0.2105)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_worker
  QID: Q811122
  Extract: A construction worker is a person employed in the physical construction of the built environment and its infrastructure. The term is used to cover a wide range of roles and tasks during all phases of a construction project, though typically refers to those involved in the physical labor of construct

  Title: Plaster veneer (similarity: 0.1818)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster_veneer
  QID: Q7202025
  Extract: Plaster veneer or plaster skim is a construction methodology for surfacing interior walls, by applying a thin layer of plaster over a substrate—typically over specially formulated gypsum board base, similar in nature to drywall.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Rich O*NET data with detailed work activities, clear wage information, and comprehensive skill/ability profiles provide strong foundation for accurate occupation intelligence.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T01:59:08.958047+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,810
tokens_output        : 4,213
cost_usd             : $0.046293
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : While 'Furniture' was the closest Wikipedia match, it describes furniture objects rather than the specialized craft of furniture finishing and restoration.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Furniture finishers are skilled craftspeople who restore, refinish, and repair furniture by applying protective and decorative finishes to achieve specified colors and textures. They work with both antique pieces requiring restoration and new high-grade furniture needing custom finishes. These artisans combine technical knowledge of wood products with aesthetic judgment to transform damaged or worn furniture into finished pieces.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day begins with examining furniture pieces to assess damage and determine restoration methods, followed by removing old finishes using hand tools, sandpaper, and chemical strippers. The finisher then fills cracks and repairs broken parts using wood putty or plastic compounds, carefully sanding surfaces smooth. They mix custom stains and finishes to match desired colors, then apply these materials using brushes, spray equipment, or hand-rubbing techniques. Throughout the process, they monitor drying times and inspect work quality, often conferring with customers about color preferences and finish specifications. The day concludes with masking protected areas and setting up pieces for final curing.

WHO THRIVES:
This role suits individuals with exceptional visual acuity and color discrimination abilities who can distinguish subtle variations in wood grain and finish quality. Those who excel possess strong manual dexterity and arm-hand steadiness for precise application of finishes, combined with the patience for detailed, methodical work. Successful furniture finishers demonstrate high attention to detail and dependability, as minor errors can ruin valuable pieces. They appreciate both the technical and artistic aspects of woodworking, enjoying the transformation of worn furniture into beautiful, functional pieces.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most furniture finishers enter the field with a high school diploma (61.2%) or less formal education (35.5%), learning primarily through on-the-job training or apprenticeships. Entry-level positions typically involve assisting experienced finishers with basic tasks like sanding and material preparation. Some workers complete post-secondary certificates in woodworking or furniture restoration (3.2%), which can accelerate skill development. The Job Zone 2 classification indicates that workers can become competent with several months to a year of combined education and experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced furniture finishers often specialize in antique restoration, custom furniture creation, or high-end commercial finishing work. Career advancement paths include becoming shop supervisors, opening independent restoration businesses, or transitioning to related fields like cabinetmaking or upholstery. Some finishers develop expertise in specific furniture periods or styles, becoming sought-after specialists for museums, auction houses, or wealthy collectors seeking authentic restorations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The furniture finishing occupation employs 14,480 workers nationally with a median annual wage of $44,540 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data. Wages vary significantly by geography, with Connecticut offering the highest compensation at $59,830 compared to Tennessee's lowest at $32,160, representing a 1.86x geographic wage differential. Manufacturing accounts for the majority of employment (10,360 positions), followed by other services (1,570) and transportation/warehousing (980). The field faces moderate demand as consumer interest in furniture restoration and custom finishing continues, though automation in large-scale manufacturing may impact some segments. Employment concentrates in regions with furniture manufacturing or affluent communities valuing antique restoration services.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Furniture finishing faces low automation risk due to the highly visual and tactile nature of the work requiring human judgment and dexterity. The occupation's emphasis on visual color discrimination, manual precision, and aesthetic decision-making in handling unique, often valuable pieces makes it resistant to robotic replacement. While spray equipment and finishing tools continue improving, the core activities of damage assessment, custom color matching, and hand-finishing techniques remain fundamentally human-centered crafts.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Upholsterers (51-6093.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require manual dexterity, attention to detail, and furniture restoration skills with similar customer service components.
    data: Manual Dexterity (imp:3.6)
    data: Attention to Detail work style
    data: Customer and Personal Service knowledge
  [knowledge_overlap] Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters (51-7011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared mechanical knowledge, production processes understanding, and woodworking expertise create natural career transitions.
    data: Mechanical knowledge (imp:3.0)
    data: Production and Processing knowledge (imp:3.3)
    data: woodworking context
  [task_similarity] Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers (51-9123.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations apply protective and decorative finishes using spray equipment and require visual color discrimination.
    data: Visual Color Discrimination ability (imp:3.9)
    data: Apply protective or decorative finishes DWA
    data: spray equipment usage
  [transferable_skill] Floor Sanders and Finishers (47-2043.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Operations monitoring and judgment skills transfer between finishing applications, though on different surface types.
    data: Operations Monitoring transferable skill (imp:3.0)
    data: Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.0)
    data: finishing processes
  [riasec_cluster] Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand (51-9022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit strong Realistic orientation requiring manual skills and physical work with materials.
    data: R:7.00 RIASEC score
    data: Manual Dexterity requirements
    data: Handling and Moving Objects work activity (imp:3.8)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['furniture finisher', 'furniture refinisher', 'wood finisher', 'antique finisher', 'cabinet finisher', 'finish applicator', 'furniture restorer', 'finish sprayer']
  exclude_keywords : ['painter', 'decorator', 'upholsterer', 'carpenter', 'cabinetmaker']
  title_patterns   : ['*finisher', '*refinisher', '*antiquer', 'furniture*', '*finish*']
  common_variations: ['antique finisher', 'cabinet finisher', 'furniture assembly technician', 'finish repair worker', 'frame repairer', 'furniture builder', 'furniture installer', 'antiquer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['furniture', 'wood', 'tendency', 'others', 'design', 'equipment', 'century', 'products', 'materials', 'pieces', 'objects', 'tables', 'finishes', 'principles', 'techniques', 'includes', 'hand', 'finishing', 'repair', 'quality']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
furniture                 157  0.02922  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:3%
wood                       49  0.00912  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  onet_tasks:12%  dwas:6%
tendency                   42  0.00782  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.00763  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  wikipedia:5%  dwas:2%
design                     36  0.00670  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  onet_dimensions:17%  onet_tasks:3%
equipment                  31  0.00577  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:74%  dwas:13%  inference:6%
century                    24  0.00447  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
products                   23  0.00428  dwas                 dwas:43%  wikipedia:26%  onet_dimensions:22%
materials                  23  0.00428  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  wikipedia:43%  dwas:9%
pieces                     21  0.00391  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:14%
objects                    20  0.00372  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:35%  inference:5%
tables                     19  0.00354  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
finishes                   16  0.00298  dwas                 dwas:38%  inference:31%  onet_tasks:19%
principles                 16  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
techniques                 15  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:20%  inference:13%
includes                   15  0.00279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
hand                       14  0.00261  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:29%  onet_tasks:21%
finishing                  14  0.00261  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:43%  wikipedia:7%
repair                     14  0.00261  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:29%  onet_tasks:14%
quality                    14  0.00261  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  wikipedia:43%  inference:14%
construction               14  0.00261  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  onet_dimensions:14%
legs                       14  0.00261  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  onet_dimensions:43%
ancient                    14  0.00261  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
greek                      14  0.00261  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
surfaces                   13  0.00242  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:54%  dwas:23%  wikipedia:15%
known                      13  0.00242  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:8%
tools                      12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:17%
finish                     12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:17%
made                       12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:8%
control                    12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                  12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
human                      12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:25%  inference:17%
requirements               12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_dimensions:8%  dwas:8%
art                        12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
styles                     11  0.00205  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:9%
production                 11  0.00205  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  wikipedia:18%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00205  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00205  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:9%  inference:9%
decorative                 11  0.00205  dwas                 dwas:45%  wikipedia:45%  inference:9%
workpieces                 11  0.00205  dwas                 dwas:100%