[Core] [116% incumbents] Operate nuclear power reactors in accordance with policies and procedures to protect workers from radiation and to ensure environmental safety.
  DWAs: Operate energy production equipment.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Adjust controls to position rod and to regulate flux level, reactor period, coolant temperature, or rate of power flow, following standard procedures.
  DWAs: Operate energy distribution equipment.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Develop or implement actions such as lockouts, tagouts, or clearances to allow equipment to be safely repaired.
  DWAs: Plan production or operational procedures or sequences.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Respond to system or unit abnormalities, diagnosing the cause, and recommending or taking corrective action.
  DWAs: Diagnose equipment malfunctions. | Maintain sustainable energy production equipment. | Advise others on ways to improve processes or products.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Monitor all systems for normal running conditions, performing activities such as checking gauges to assess output or the effects of generator loading on other equipment.
  DWAs: Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Monitor or operate boilers, turbines, wells, or auxiliary power plant equipment.
  DWAs: Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning. | Operate energy production equipment.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Record operating data, such as the results of surveillance tests.
  DWAs: Record operational or production data.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Note malfunctions of equipment, instruments, or controls and report these conditions to supervisors.
  DWAs: Watch operating equipment to detect malfunctions. | Notify others of equipment repair or maintenance needs.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Participate in nuclear fuel element handling activities, such as preparation, transfer, loading, or unloading.
  DWAs: Move products, materials, or equipment between work areas.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Dispatch orders or instructions to personnel through radiotelephone or intercommunication systems to coordinate auxiliary equipment operation.
  DWAs: Exchange information with colleagues.

[Core] [116% incumbents] Conduct inspections or operations outside of control rooms as necessary.
  DWAs: Inspect facilities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Direct reactor operators in emergency situations, in accordance with emergency operating procedures.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Authorize maintenance activities on units or changes in equipment or system operational status.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Supervise technicians' work activities to ensure that equipment is operated in accordance with policies and procedures that protect workers from radiation and ensure environmental safety.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Authorize actions to correct identified operational inefficiencies or hazards so that operating efficiency is maximized and potential environmental issues are minimized.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Direct the collection and testing of air, water, gas, or solid samples to determine radioactivity levels or to ensure appropriate radioactive containment.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Supplemental] [116% incumbents] Direct measurement of the intensity or types of radiation in work areas, equipment, or materials.
  DWAs: Direct operational or production activities.

[Core] [115% incumbents] Implement operational procedures, such as those controlling start-up or shut-down activities.
  DWAs: Operate energy production equipment.

[Core] [115% incumbents] Review and edit standard operating procedures.
  DWAs: Document organizational or operational procedures.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:3.50 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Physics (imp:4.08 lvl:4.79) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mechanical (imp:3.88 lvl:4.56) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.66 lvl:3.99) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Mathematics (imp:3.58 lvl:4.23) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.54 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Chemistry (imp:3.37 lvl:4.16) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Design (imp:3.02 lvl:3.15) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  English Language (imp:2.93 lvl:3.10) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.85 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Education and Training (imp:2.80 lvl:3.27) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Law and Government (imp:2.78 lvl:2.75) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.36 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Production and Processing (imp:2.35 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Psychology (imp:2.18 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.99 lvl:1.84) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:1.97 lvl:1.87) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Telecommunications (imp:1.94 lvl:1.40) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Biology (imp:1.90 lvl:1.79) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Communications and Media (imp:1.90 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administrative (imp:1.88 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.84 lvl:1.46) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Transportation (imp:1.48 lvl:0.96) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.36 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.31 lvl:0.69) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.26 lvl:0.47) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.26 lvl:0.56) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.17 lvl:0.41) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Geography (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  History and Archeology (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.08) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.06) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Reaction Time (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Depth Perception (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.73 lvl:5.10) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Getting Information (imp:4.52 lvl:4.60) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.52 lvl:5.59) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.51 lvl:5.27) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.39 lvl:5.06) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.33 lvl:5.18) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Processing Information (imp:4.29 lvl:5.04) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.26 lvl:5.46) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.18 lvl:4.94) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:4.14 lvl:5.73) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.04 lvl:5.67) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.94 lvl:4.56) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Working with Computers (imp:3.64 lvl:3.26) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.58 lvl:4.49) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.20) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.51 lvl:4.25) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.48 lvl:3.89) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.36 lvl:3.50) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.29 lvl:4.26) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.27 lvl:3.64) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.13 lvl:3.57) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.09 lvl:4.13) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.05 lvl:3.51) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.03 lvl:3.48) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.95 lvl:3.76) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.68 lvl:2.87) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.58 lvl:2.84) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.53) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.36 lvl:2.46) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.30 lvl:2.26) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.29 lvl:2.51) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.26 lvl:1.99) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.21 lvl:2.10) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.17 lvl:2.18) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.03 lvl:1.97) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.94 lvl:2.02) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.94 lvl:2.03) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:1.93 lvl:1.97) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.54 lvl:0.84) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.50 lvl:0.86) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.41 lvl:0.83) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Achievement Orientation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cautiousness (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Self-Control (imp:3.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.67) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.63) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.21) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.19) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.97) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:1.60) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.54) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Adaptability (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:1.21) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Perseverance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility (imp:0.58) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Initiative (imp:0.45) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.19) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.13) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:0.02) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.12) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.20) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.41) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Operations Monitoring (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:4.00 lvl:3.75) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.50 lvl:3.38) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Troubleshooting (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Repairing (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 5,150
  annual_median    : $122,890
  annual_pct10     : $98,640
  annual_pct25     : $109,440
  annual_pct75     : $130,490
  annual_pct90     : $149,310
  annual_mean      : $121,380
  hourly_median    : $59.08

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New York ($129,580)
  lowest_state     : Nebraska ($108,650)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.193x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (5 total) ---
  Utilities                                emp:    4,030  median: $ 122,890
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      590  median: $ 127,090
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       50  median: $ 122,250

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (3 total) ---
  Utilities                                emp:    4,030  median: $ 122,890
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      590  median: $ 127,090
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       50  median: $ 122,250

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Nuclear reactor
match_score        : 0.6522
wikidata_qid       : Q80877
word_count         : 9,368
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T23:18:18.949693Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A nuclear reactor is a device used to sustain a controlled fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for commercial electricity, marine propulsion, weapons production and research. Fissile nuclei (primarily uranium-235 or plutonium-239) absorb single neutrons and split, releasing energy and multiple neutrons, which can induce further fission. Reactors stabilize this, regulating neutron absorbers and moderators in the core. Fuel efficiency is exceptionally high; low-enriched uranium is 120,000 times more energy-dense than coal. 
Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid coolant. In commercial reactors, this drives turbines and electrical generator shafts. Some reactors are used for district heating, and isotope production for medical and industrial use.
After the discovery of fission in 1938, many countries launched military nuclear research programs. Early subcritical experiments probed neutronics. In 1942, the first artificial critical nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, was built by the Metallurgical Laboratory. From 1944, for weapons production, the first large-scale reactors were operated at the Hanford Site. The pressurized water reactor design, used in about 70% of commercial reactors, was developed for US Navy submarine propulsion, beginning with S1W in 1953. In 1954, small-scale nuclear electricity production began with the Soviet Obninsk plant. The first commercial nuclear power station was Calder Hall at Sellafield, England, which started operation in 1956.
Spent fuel can be reprocessed, potentially reducing nuclear waste and recovering reactor-usable fuel. This also poses a nuclear proliferation risk via production of plutonium for nuclear weapons.
Reactor accidents have been caused by combinations of design and operator failure. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident, at INES Level 5, the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and 2011 Fukushima disaster, both at Level 7, all had major effects on the nuclear industry and anti-nuclear movement.
As of 2025, there are 417 commercial reactors, 226 research reactors, and over 200 marine propulsion reactors in operation globally. Commercial reactors provide 9% of the global electricity supply, compared to 30% from renewables, together comprising low-carbon electricity. Almost 90% of this comes from pressurized and boiling water reactors. Other designs include gas-cooled, fast-spectrum, breeder, heavy-water, molten-salt, and small modular, each of which improves safety, efficiency, cost, fuel type, enrichment, or burnup, and the now-obsolete Light water graphite reactor.


== Terminology ==
During early 1940s nuclear research, the phrase "atomic pile" was used for any assembly involving uranium and attempts at neutron multiplication, including the majority which were subcritical. After Chicago Pile-1 demonstrated a self-sustaining chain reaction, the "reactor" terminology became more common. The phrases "nuclear pile" and "atomic reactor" were also common.
Critical mass experiments, while being far simpler, are sometimes referred to as research reactors, such as the Godiva device. 
"Nuclear reactor" is predominantly used to refer to the nuclear fission reactor. It can also refer to a nuclear fusion reactor, of which only net negative power systems have been constructed. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators and radioisotope heater units, while deriving power from nuclear decay reactions, are not referred to as nuclear reactors as they do not induce reactions.


== Operation ==

Just as conventional thermal power stations generate electricity by harnessing the thermal energy released from burning fossil fuels, nuclear reactors convert the energy released by controlled nuclear fission into thermal energy for further conversion to mechanical or electrical forms.


=== Fission ===

When a large fissile atomic nucleus such as uranium-235, uranium-233, or plutonium-239 absorbs a neutron, it may undergo nuclear fission. The heavy nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei, (the fission products), releasing kinetic energy, gamma radiation, and free neutrons. A portion of these neutrons may be absorbed by other fissile atoms and trigger further fission events, which release more neutrons, and so on. This is known as a nuclear chain reaction.
To control such a nuclear chain reaction, control rods containing neutron poisons and neutron moderators are able to change the portion of neutrons that will go on to cause more fission. Nuclear reactors generally have automatic and manual systems to shut the fission reaction down if monitoring or instrumentation detects unsafe conditions.


=== Heat generation ===
The reactor core generates heat in a number of ways:

The kinetic energy of fission products is converted to thermal energy when these nuclei collide with nearby atoms.
The reactor absorbs some of the gamma rays produced during fission and converts their energy into heat.
Heat is produced by the radioactive decay of fission products and materials that have been activated by neutron absorption. This decay heat source will remain for some time even after the reactor is shut down.
A kilogram of uranium-235 (U-235) converted via nuclear processes releases approximately three million times more energy than a kilogram of coal burned conventionally (7.2 × 1013 joules per kilogram of uranium-235 versus 2.4 × 107 joules per kilogram of coal).
The fission of one kilogram of uranium-235 releases about 19 billion kilocalories, so the energy released by 1 kg of uranium-235 corresponds to that released by burning 2.7 million kg of coal.


=== Cooling ===
A nuclear reactor coolant – usually water but sometimes a gas or a liquid metal (like liquid sodium or lead) or molten salt – is circulated past the reactor core to absorb the heat that it generates. The heat is carried away from the reactor and is then used to generate steam. Most reactor systems employ a cooling system that is physically separated from the water that will be boiled to produce pressurized steam for the turbines, like the pressurized water reactor. However, in some reactors the water for the steam turbines is boiled directly by the reactor core; for example the boiling water reactor.


=== Reactivity control ===

The rate of fission reactions within a reactor core can be adjusted by controlling the quantity of neutrons that are able to induce further fission events. Nuclear reactors typically employ several methods of neutron control to adjust the reactor's power output. Some of these methods arise naturally from the physics of radioactive decay and are simply accounted for during the reactor's operation, while others are mechanisms engineered into the reactor design for a distinct purpose.
The fastest method for adjusting levels of fission-inducing neutrons in a reactor is via movement of the control rods. Control rods are made of so-called neutron poisons and therefore absorb neutrons. When a control rod is inserted deeper into the reactor, it absorbs more neutrons than the material it displaces – often the moderator. This action results in fewer neutrons available to cause fission and reduces the reactor's power output. Conversely, extracting the control rod will result in an increase in the rate of fission events and an increase in power.
The physics of radioactive decay also affects neutron populations in a reactor. One such process is delayed neutron emission by a number of neutron-rich fission isotopes. These delayed neutrons account for about 0.65% of the total neutrons produced in fission, with the remainder (termed "prompt neutrons") released immediately upon fission. The fission products which produce delayed neutrons have half-lives for their decay by neutron emission that range from milliseconds to as long as several minutes, and so considerable time is required to determine exactly when a reactor reaches the critical point. Keeping the reactor in the zone of chain reactivity where delayed neutrons are necessary to achieve a critical mas

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Chashma Nuclear Power Complex (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashma_Nuclear_Power_Complex
  QID: Q82404
  Extract: The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant is a large commercial nuclear power plant located at Chashma in Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan.

  Title: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (similarity: 0.5333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant
  QID: Q215419
  Extract: The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) is a nuclear power plant undergoing decommissioning. ChNPP is located near the abandoned city of Pripyat in northern Ukraine, 16.5 kilometres (10 mi) northwest of the city of Chernobyl, 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the Belarus–Ukraine border, and about 100 kil

  Title: RBMK (similarity: 0.0571)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBMK
  QID: Q319449
  Extract: The RBMK is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. It is somewhat like a boiling water reactor as water boils in the pressure tubes. It is one of two power reactor types to enter serial production in the Soviet Union during the 1970s, the other be

  Title: Arnold Gundersen (similarity: 0.2553)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Gundersen
  QID: Q4795069
  Extract: Arnold "Arnie" Gundersen is a former nuclear industry executive and engineer who became a whistleblower in 1990. Gundersen has written dozens of expert reports for nongovernment organizations and the state of Vermont. Gunderson was a licensed reactor operator from 1971-1972 on Rensselaer Polytechnic

  Title: Small modular reactor (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor
  QID: Q7543123
  Extract: A small modular reactor (SMR) is an emergent class of nuclear fission reactors with a rated electrical power of less than 300 megawatts (MWe), which use modular design principles to achieve streamlined construction and enhanced scalability compared to large light-water reactors. Many SMR designs are

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed work activities, skills, and knowledge requirements. BLS wage data provides reliable market intelligence, and the specialized nature of nuclear operations creates clear occupational boundaries.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-04T02:04:46.265881+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,783
tokens_output        : 4,231
cost_usd             : $0.045960
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Nuclear reactor
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match provides technical context about nuclear reactors as devices for controlled fission chain reactions used in commercial electricity generation. This background supports understanding the technical complexity and safety-critical nature of nuclear reactor operations.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Nuclear Power Reactor Operators control and monitor nuclear reactors to generate electricity safely while protecting workers from radiation exposure. They manipulate control rods, adjust reactor parameters like flux levels and coolant temperature, and implement emergency procedures when abnormalities occur. These operators maintain detailed logs of reactor performance and coordinate with support staff to ensure continuous safe operation of nuclear power facilities.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Nuclear reactor operators begin shifts by reviewing plant status reports and conducting equipment inspections to verify normal operating conditions. They monitor reactor control panels continuously, adjusting control rod positions to regulate neutron flux levels and maintain optimal power output while keeping coolant temperatures within safe parameters. When system abnormalities are detected, they diagnose causes and implement corrective actions or emergency procedures as needed. Throughout their shift, they document all operational data including surveillance test results and equipment performance metrics. They also coordinate with maintenance teams during equipment repairs by implementing safety lockouts and tagouts, and communicate with supervisors and colleagues through intercommunication systems to ensure seamless plant operations.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful nuclear reactor operators possess exceptional attention to detail and unwavering dependability, as even minor oversights can have serious safety consequences. They excel at problem sensitivity and critical thinking, quickly identifying potential issues from subtle changes in system parameters and determining appropriate responses. These professionals thrive under high-responsibility environments where integrity and cautiousness are paramount, as they must strictly follow safety protocols while making real-time decisions affecting plant operations. The role suits individuals who are comfortable with intensive monitoring tasks, complex technical systems, and the responsibility of protecting public safety while working with potentially hazardous materials.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into nuclear reactor operations typically requires a high school diploma or equivalent, with 50.1% of operators holding this credential according to education distribution data. Many operators complete post-secondary certificates in nuclear technology or related engineering fields, representing 15.7% of the workforce. Extensive on-the-job training and Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensing are mandatory, requiring successful completion of rigorous written and practical examinations covering reactor physics, safety procedures, and emergency response protocols.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Nuclear reactor operators can advance to senior operator positions, shift supervisors, or control room supervisors with additional experience and licensing. Career progression may lead to nuclear plant management roles, training coordinator positions, or specialized technical positions in reactor engineering or nuclear safety. Some operators transition to consulting roles or regulatory positions with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, leveraging their operational expertise to oversee industry safety standards.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Nuclear reactor operators command competitive wages, with a median annual salary of $122,890 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $98,640 to $149,310 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. The field employs approximately 5,150 workers nationally, primarily concentrated in utilities (4,030 positions) and government sectors (590 positions). Geographic wage variation is relatively modest, with New York offering the highest median at $129,580 and Nebraska the lowest at $108,650, representing only a 1.19x ratio difference. The specialized nature of nuclear operations and stringent licensing requirements create stable employment opportunities, though job growth is tied to nuclear power industry expansion and existing plant maintenance needs.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Nuclear reactor operations face moderate automation pressure as advanced digital control systems and artificial intelligence increasingly handle routine monitoring tasks and parameter adjustments. However, the critical safety requirements and regulatory oversight in nuclear operations will likely preserve human operator roles for oversight, emergency response, and complex decision-making scenarios that require human judgment and adaptability.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Power Plant Operators (51-8013.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve operating energy production equipment and monitoring complex power generation systems with similar technical monitoring requirements.
    data: Operate energy production equipment
    data: Monitor equipment operation
    data: Record operational data
  [knowledge_overlap] Nuclear Technicians (19-4051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both positions require extensive knowledge of physics, nuclear technology, and radiation safety protocols within nuclear facilities.
    data: Physics knowledge level 4.8
    data: Public Safety and Security importance 3.7
    data: Nuclear fuel handling activities
  [skill_overlap] Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators (51-8021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize operations monitoring, equipment control, and mechanical systems knowledge with similar problem-solving requirements.
    data: Operations Monitoring importance 4.0
    data: Mechanical knowledge level 4.6
    data: Monitor boilers and auxiliary equipment
  [riasec_cluster] Chemical Plant and System Operators (51-8091.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupations show strong Realistic and Conventional RIASEC patterns, involving systematic monitoring and control of complex industrial processes.
    data: R:5.40, C:5.14 RIASEC profile
    data: Process monitoring and control
    data: Compliance evaluation activities
  [wage_band] Power Distributors and Dispatchers (51-8012.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both positions operate within similar wage ranges due to comparable technical complexity and safety responsibilities in power system operations.
    data: Median annual $122,890
    data: Utilities sector employment
    data: Complex technical monitoring requirements

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['nuclear reactor operator', 'nuclear control operator', 'nuclear plant operator', 'licensed reactor operator', 'control room operator', 'nuclear power operator', 'reactor operations', 'nuclear control room']
  exclude_keywords : ['nuclear technician', 'nuclear engineer', 'maintenance worker', 'security guard', 'radiation therapist']
  title_patterns   : ['*nuclear*operator*', '*reactor*operator*', '*control*room*operator*', '*nuclear*control*', '*licensed*reactor*']
  common_variations: ['Nuclear Power Reactor Operator', 'Licensed Reactor Operator', 'Nuclear Control Room Operator', 'Nuclear Station Operator', 'Control Room Agent', 'Nuclear Plant Operator', 'Licensed Nuclear Control Room Operator', 'Nuclear Control Operator']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['reactor', 'nuclear', 'reactors', 'power', 'fuel', 'water', 'fission', 'uranium', 'neutron', 'neutrons', 'equipment', 'others', 'tendency', 'energy', 'coolant', 'control', 'production', 'moderator', 'fast', 'thermal']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
reactor                   217  0.02720  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:6%  onet_tasks:1%
nuclear                   183  0.02294  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:10%  onet_tasks:1%
reactors                  149  0.01867  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  inference:1%  onet_tasks:1%
power                      92  0.01153  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:4%  onet_tasks:3%
fuel                       91  0.01141  wikipedia            wikipedia:99%  onet_tasks:1%
water                      90  0.01128  wikipedia            wikipedia:99%  onet_tasks:1%
fission                    63  0.00790  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  inference:2%
uranium                    60  0.00752  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
neutron                    59  0.00739  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  inference:2%
neutrons                   47  0.00589  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
equipment                  45  0.00564  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:51%  dwas:24%  onet_tasks:18%
others                     45  0.00564  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:84%  wikipedia:11%  dwas:4%
tendency                   42  0.00526  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
energy                     42  0.00526  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  dwas:12%
coolant                    39  0.00489  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:5%  onet_tasks:3%
control                    35  0.00439  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  onet_dimensions:34%  inference:17%
production                 34  0.00426  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  dwas:35%  onet_dimensions:24%
moderator                  34  0.00426  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
fast                       33  0.00414  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_dimensions:3%
thermal                    33  0.00414  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
pressure                   31  0.00388  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  inference:3%
design                     30  0.00376  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_dimensions:20%
safety                     29  0.00364  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  inference:31%  onet_tasks:7%
cooled                     27  0.00338  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
generation                 27  0.00338  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
plant                      26  0.00326  wikipedia            wikipedia:65%  inference:19%  onet_dimensions:12%
years                      26  0.00326  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
operation                  24  0.00301  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_dimensions:8%  dwas:8%
designs                    24  0.00301  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_dimensions:4%
reaction                   24  0.00301  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_dimensions:4%
core                       24  0.00301  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
operating                  23  0.00288  wikipedia            wikipedia:65%  onet_tasks:17%  onet_dimensions:9%
steam                      23  0.00288  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
gas                        21  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_tasks:5%
light                      21  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_dimensions:10%
commercial                 21  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  inference:5%
activities                 20  0.00251  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  dwas:30%  onet_tasks:25%
materials                  20  0.00251  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:35%  onet_tasks:5%
procedures                 19  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  onet_tasks:32%  inference:16%
down                       19  0.00238  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  onet_dimensions:11%  onet_tasks:5%